After the departure of founder Daevid Allen the group Gong went through a rapid series of personnel changes with drummer/percussionist Pierre Moerlen becoming the de facto leader. The music evolved away from the psychedelic sound of the Allen-led era into jazz/rock fusion. By the time Expresso II (1978) was recorded Moerlen had assembled an almost entirely different group with a very different sound. With the completion of Gong's contract with Virgin Records the group name was changed to Pierre Moerlen's Gong to differentiate it from the other Gong offshoots and the original band.

Pierre Moerlen's Gong released four albums for Arista Records between 1979 and 1981 (Downwind, Time Is The Key, Live, and Leave It Open) which are widely regarded as their classics. The band had a unique and distinctive sound dominated by the heavy use of mallet instruments (marimba, xylophone, vibraphone and glockenspiel) played mainly by Pierre Moerlen, his brother Benoit Moerlen, and François Causse. After being dropped by Arista the band broke up.

In the mid '80s Pierre Moerlen and bassist Hansford Rowe, who had played on the previous four albums, put together a new incarnation of the band featuring several members of the Sweedish band Tribute including guitarist Åke Ziedén. They released the Scientology-inspired album Breakthrough (1986), a mixture of mainly pop tunes plus a few fusion tracks.

Shortly thereafter Tribute broke up but Ziedén remained and Benoit rejoined Pierre Moerlen's Gong. The new lineup returned to the original jazz/rock fusion sound and recorded two further albums: Second Wind (1989) and Full Circle - Live 1988 before disbanding again.

In 2002 Pierre Moerlen recorded an album in Moscow with a group of Russian musicians called Pentanine. It was released under the Pierre Moerlen's Gong name but was by an entirely different group.