Credits List

Discussion of credit roles should take place in the official New Credit Roles Forum thread.

Credit	Indexed?	Heading	Subheading	Notes
Artwork By	No			NON-LINKED CREDIT - This credit will not create any new artist, nor link to any artist page. Use "Artwork" for a linked credit.
Photography	No			NON-LINKED CREDIT - This credit will not create any new artist, nor link to any artist page. Use "Photography By" for a linked credit.
Executive Producer	No			NON-LINKED CREDIT - This credit will not create any new artist, nor link to any artist page. Use "Executive-Producer" for a linked credit.
Other	No			NON-LINKED CREDIT - This credit will not create any new artist, nor link to any artist page. To be used for roles credited on the release that are not musical or technical, and should not be linked, for example, catering personnel, drivers etc. Please see the note here regarding 'Thank You' type credits.
Written By	No			NON-LINKED CREDIT - This credit will not create any new artist, nor link to any artist page. This is a special unlinked role that can be used to group all credited writers of the music and display their names as formatted on the release. e.g. Lennon/McCartney. If the full name of the artist is displayed on the release you must use the linked Written-By credit, but can also use the unlinked credit if the formatting is of significance. The Artist Name Variation function should also be considered when deciding which credit should be used.
Written-By	No	Writing & Arrangement		This is the new version of the Written By credit that is linked. It is used in the same way as all other linked credits. Note the dash '-', it is vital it is entered exactly this way.
Adapted By	No	Writing & Arrangement		Somewhat similar to Arranged By.
Arranged By	No	Writing & Arrangement
Beats	No	Writing & Arrangement		A diverse role that signifies a contribution to the instrumental component of a track or a release. On some releases, it is synonymous with Producer, on others it can range from sampling to Drum Programming to playing a traditional, typically percussion-oriented, instrument.
Cadenza	No	Writing & Arrangement		(Italian for cadence) Generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist or soloists, usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing for virtuosic display. Often refers to a portion of a concerto in which the orchestra stops playing, leaving the soloist to play alone in free time (without a strict, regular pulse) and can be written or improvised, depending on what the composer specifies. Please also include the instrument they are playing, as a separate credit, if noted on the release. See Soloist.
Composed By	No	Writing & Arrangement		Person who writes the musical composition or melody to songs (valid for all genres)
Concept By	No	Writing & Arrangement
Copyist	No	Writing & Arrangement		Employed by the music industry to produce written parts for individual musicians from an orchestral score or composer's manuscript.
Created By	No	Writing & Arrangement
Instrumentation By	No	Writing & Arrangement		For orchestral and other groups, refers to the selection of instruments to play the different parts.
Libretto By	No	Writing & Arrangement		The text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, musical, and ballet. The term "libretto" is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as mass and requiem.
Lyrics By	No	Writing & Arrangement		Person who writes the lyrics to songs
Music By	No	Writing & Arrangement
Musical Assistance	No	Writing & Arrangement
Orchestrated By	No	Writing & Arrangement
Programmed By	No	Writing & Arrangement		(also programming) - Working a computer or electronic instrument in order to create a sound or sequence of notes (see also Drum Programming, Sequenced By)
Score	No	Writing & Arrangement		This is almost the same as Composed By
Score Editor	No	Writing & Arrangement
Sequenced By	No	Writing & Arrangement		The act of programming a computer, drum machine, or other sequencer to play a sequence of musical events.
Songwriter	No	Writing & Arrangement		Use if the artist is credited as "Songwriter" or with "Songs By" or "Songs written by" on the release
Sound Designer	No	Writing & Arrangement
Transcription By	No	Writing & Arrangement		Notating a piece or a sound which was previously unnotated, or rewriting a piece of music, either solo or ensemble, for another instrument or other instruments than which it was originally intended.
Translated By	No	Writing & Arrangement		For roles that involve translating lyrics from one language to another. This role is for translations that are used in the audio work only. For Liner Notes translation and the like, please use brackets such as "Liner Notes [Translated By]" (or whatever the role was) instead.
Words By	No	Writing & Arrangement		Appears on many records as an alternative to "Lyrics By".
Featuring	Yes	Featuring & Presenting
Hosted By	No	Featuring & Presenting		An alternative credit for someone who presents a show, mixtape etc.
Music Consultant	No	Writing & Arrangement
Presenter	No	Featuring & Presenting		If no specific credit is apparent on the release, an artist with a following 'Presents' joiner must be credited with 'Presenter' in the credits section, with specific tracks indicated if relevant
Chorus Master	No	Conducting & Leading
Concertmaster	No	Conducting & Leading		(also concert-master, leader, concertmistress) The leader of the first violin section of a symphony orchestra. Any violin solo in an orchestral work is played by the concertmaster (except in the case of a concerto, in which case guest soloists may be heard).
Concertmistress	No	Conducting & Leading		(also concertmaster, leader) The leader of the first violin section of a symphony orchestra. Any violin solo in an orchestral work is played by the concertmaster (except in the case of a concerto, in which case guest soloists may be heard).
Conductor	No	Conducting & Leading		Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. Orchestras, choirs, concert bands and other musical ensembles are often conducted. The principal conductor of an orchestra or opera company is sometimes referred to as a music director or chief conductor, or by the German word, Kapellmeister. Conductors of choirs or choruses are sometimes referred to as choral director, chorus master, or choirmaster, particularly for choirs associated with an orchestra. Conductors of military bands and other bands may hold the title of bandmaster, or drum major. Respected senior conductors are sometimes referred to by the Italian word, maestro ("master").
Contractor	No	Conducting & Leading		(also fixer) - A musical casting assistant, he is the person who hires the musicians to form an orchestra / choir / etc for a specific piece.
Directed By	No	Conducting & Leading		Can be used for all types of music or non-music (radio plays etc) Director roles, but not to be used for video roles.
Leader	No	Conducting & Leading		Also Band Leader or Orchestra Leader, the head of a group, orchestra, or other music ensemble who often takes on tasks such as organization, musical arrangement, hiring and firing musicians, musical direction, and other group based tasks.
Music Director	No	Conducting & Leading
Repetiteur	No	Conducting & Leading		(also Répétiteur) - In opera, the person responsible for coaching singers and playing the piano for music and production rehearsals. In ballet, a répétiteur teaches the steps and interpretation of the roles to some or all of the company
Co-producer	Yes	Production
Collected By	No	Production		Similar to Compiled By
Commissioned By	No	Production
Compilation Producer	No	Production		Use instead of Other [Compilation Producer] or Producer [Compilation]
Compiled By	No	Production
Curated By	No	Production
Editor	No	Production		Record company staff job, often synonymous to producer or supervisor, and not to be confused with technical editing ("cutting") of audio material.
Executive-Producer	No	Production		This is the linked version of the legacy unlinked "Executive Producer" role.
Post Production	No	Production
Producer	Yes	Production		In the music industry, a record producer has many roles, among them controlling the recording sessions, coaching and guiding the musicians, organizing and scheduling production budget and resources, and supervising the recording, mixing and mastering processes. This has been a major function of producers since the inception of sound recording, but in the latter half of the 20th century producers have also taken on a wider entrepreneurial role.
Recording Supervisor	No	Production		Follows the orchestral scores during the recording process in a very critical way, in order to spot any mistakes that musicians or a conductor wouldn't notice or simply ignore. Common on classical recordings. For example on Deutsche Grammophon, it is "Aufnahmeleitung".
Reissue Producer	No	Production		Someone who oversees the production of a reissued release.
Research	No	Production
Supervised By	No	Production
Remix	Yes	Remix		The creative manipulation of some elements of the original track into a different but derivative musical piece.
DJ Mix	Yes	DJ Mix		DJ Mix - to be used for crediting the creation of a mixed or partially mixed release. Don't confuse this credit with "Mixed By" (which is used for the artist that mixes the multitrack music to the final release mixdown) or "Remix". DJ Mix [Megamix] - to be used for crediting the creation of megamixes (this is a track that is made up of sections from many other tracks, cut together one after the other)
Animation	No	Visual
Art Direction	No	Visual
Artwork	Yes	Visual		Replaces the non-linked "Artwork By" credit, which can still be used if you are not sure of the artist to credit.
Assemblage	No	Visual		Any form of composite assembly or 3-d form.
Calligraphy	No	Visual
Camera Operator	No	Visual
CGI Artist	No	Visual		Computer-generated imagery
Cinematographer	No	Visual
Costume Designer	No	Visual
Cover	Yes	Visual		A generic credit for cover artwork and / or design.
Creative Director	No	Visual
Design	No	Visual
Design Concept	No	Visual
Director Of Photography	No	Visual
Drawing	No	Visual
Film Director	No	Visual		This umbrella role is for any visual director, for example, a music video director or a director of a concert recording. An alternative name may be "video director", but the role usually appears on video / DVD releases as "directed by".
Film Editor	No	Visual
Film Producer	No	Visual		Not to be confused with the audio producer role. Audio producers "Producer" credit may be listed on video / DVD releases as "Concert Sound Production" or "DVD Post Production Producer" or similar.
Film Technician	No	Visual
Filmed By	No	Visual
Footage By	No	Visual
Gaffer	No	Visual
Graphic Design	No	Visual
Graphics	No	Visual
Grip	No	Visual
Hair	No	Visual
Illustration	Yes	Visual
Image Editor	No	Visual
Layout	No	Visual
Lettering	No	Visual		For artistic lettering that is not calligraphy.
Lighting	No	Visual
Lighting Director	No	Visual
Lithography	No	Visual
Logo	No	Visual
Make-Up	No	Visual
Model	No	Visual		Only use this credit when the person is explicitly credited as Model (or similar wording). This is not meant to simply capture the person in a photo, but a specific credited role.
Painting	Yes	Visual
Photography By	Yes	Visual		Replaces the non-linked "Photography" credit, which can still be used if you are not sure of the artist to credit.
Production Manager	No	Visual		Responsible for realizing the visions of the producer and the director or choreographer for stage productions. Please do not confuse with 'Product Manager'.
Realization	No	Visual		denotes final stages of visual design
Scenographer	No	Visual
Screen Printing	No	Visual
Set Designer	No	Visual
Sleeve	Yes	Visual		A generic credit for sleeve artwork and / or design.
Stage Manager	No	Visual
Stylist	No	Visual
Typography	No	Visual
Video Director	No	Visual
Video Editor	No	Visual
Video Producer	No	Visual
Video Technician	No	Visual
VJ	No	Visual		Video Jockey - Someone who mixes video footage and graphics.
Abridged By	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		The person who condenses text from a book to be used as an audio book
Adapted By (Text)	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		Similar to Abridged By but in this case although the text has been condensed down it will also be rearranged and have additional text also. More commonly used for Radioplays.
Announcer	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Author	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Booklet Editor	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Choreography	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Commentator	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Dialog	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Interviewee	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		The person getting interviewed
Interviewer	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Liner Notes	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		(also sleeve notes or album notes) are the writings found in booklets which come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or the equivalent packaging for vinyl records and cassettes. Such notes often contained a mix of factual and anecdotal material, and occasionally a discography for the artist or the issuing record label. They were also an occasion for thoughtful signed essays on the artist by another party, often a sympathetic music journalist.
Music Librarian	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		The area of librarianship that pertains to music collections and their development, cataloging, preservation and maintenance, as well as reference issues connected with musical works and music literature.
Narrator	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Proofreader	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Read By	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		The act of reading from a book or other manuscript.
Screenwriter	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Script By	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		Used for radio plays etc.
Sleeve Notes	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		Also see 'Liner Notes'
Text By	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken
Voice Actor	No	Acting, Literary & Spoken		Used for actors in radio plays etc.
A&R	No	Management		Short for Artists and repertoire, the person that is responsible for talent scouting and overseeing the artistic development of recording artists. They also acts as a liaison between artists and the record label.
Administrator	No	Management
Advisor	No	Management
Booking	Yes	Management
Consultant	No	Management
Coordinator	No	Management		(also Co-ordination / Coordination / Co-ordinator / Coordinator)
Legal	Yes	Management
Management	No	Management
Marketing	No	Management
Merchandising	No	Management
Product Manager	No	Management		The person who looks after the creation and promotion of the physical release. Please don't confuse with 'Production Manager', which is a mainly theatrical role.
Project Manager	No	Management
Promotion	No	Management
Public Relations	No	Management
Tour Manager	No	Management
Vocal Coach	No	Management		Also voice coach: A music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice.
Authoring	No	Technical
Crew	No	Technical		Stage Crew, Road Crew etc.
DAW	No	Technical		(also Digital Audio Workstation)
Direct Metal Mastering By	No	Technical
Edited By	No	Technical
Engineer	No	Technical
Equipment	No	Technical
Field Recording	No	Technical
Instrument Builder	No	Technical
Lacquer Cut By	No	Technical		An engineer cuts an acetate/dubplate blank with a lathe. Exclusive to grooved formats but not DMM. Can often be identified by a unique etching or stamp in the runout grooves. If in doubt, then please ask in the database forum section.
Lathe Cut By	No	Technical
Lathe Designer	No	Technical
Luthier	No	Technical		Person who makes or repairs stringed instruments.
Mastered By	No	Technical		A catch-all term for any role performed by an engineer (or team of engineers) during the post-mixing audio process.
Mixed By	Yes	Technical		This credit is for the person that mixes the multitrack music to the final release mixdown, NOT for a mix by a DJ (which should be credited as "DJ Mix"), nor a remix type production (which should be credited as "Remix")
Overdubbed By	No	Technical
Plated By	No	Technical		An engineer dips a lacquer into a chemical bath for an electrolysis galvanic plating process. If in doubt, then please ask in the database forum section.
Recorded By	No	Technical
Remastered By	No	Technical		An engineering / production role where previously released audio is put through the mastering process again, often to improve upon previous efforts, taking into account more up to date technology, different tastes, and changed requirements of the mastering process, for example for digital releases.
Restoration	No	Technical
Tape Op	No	Technical
Technician	No	Technical		General, non-specific role for technical credits, use the brackets [...] to add more information if available.
Tracking By	No	Technical		The act of recording, most likely overdubbing and building up the track.
Transferred By	No	Technical		(also Audio Transfer, CD Transfer, Digital Transfer) - Technical transferring of audio from one medium to another, for example, analog tape to digital.
Tuner	No	Technical		The person who tunes an instrument, most commonly a concert piano or organ
Alto Vocals	No	Vocals
Backing Vocals	No	Vocals
Baritone Vocals	No	Vocals
Bass Vocals	No	Vocals
Bass-Baritone Vocals	No	Vocals
Caller	No	Vocals
Cantor	No	Vocals		A leader of sung worship in various religions. In In formal Jewish worship, a cantor is a person who sings solo verses or passages to which the choir or congregation responds.
Choir	No	Vocals		A company of singers, esp. an organized group employed in church service or sings sacred music.
Chorus	No	Vocals		An ensemble which performs the non-soloist parts of an opera or musical theatre production (or sometimes an oratorio). Chorus can mean a section of a song, but it should not be used in this way for the credits. The specific instrument should be listed if possible, otherwise a generic role should be used, such as Performer [Chorus].
Contralto Vocals	No	Vocals		A few popular music enthusiasts define the contralto and alto separately, as the contralto having an especially dark range, from the D above low C to Tenor C, which is essentially a female of tenor range, while alto is a voice with a range from G below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C, and is closer to the mezzo-soprano. The majority however define contralto and alto as synonyms, and assign the adjectives light and dark, with a dark alto being a female of tenor range, while a light alto, commonly referred to as simply alto, to include mezzo-sopranos as well.
Coro	No	Vocals		Literally 'chorus' in Spanish, the coro in most Latin music has fixed melody and lyrics. Most coros feature two or three parts, rarely more, moving in parallel lines. The coro singer's function in a band is more like an instrumentalist's than a singer's.
Countertenor Vocals	No	Vocals
Eefing	No	Vocals		A traditional folksy style of human hillbilly beatboxing that has been around for over 100 years in Appalachia, USA.
Harmony Vocals	No	Vocals
Human Beatbox	No	Vocals
Humming	No	Vocals		A hum is a sound made by singing a wordless tone with the mouth completely closed, forcing the sound to emerge from the nose.
Joik	No	Vocals		Also yoik: the traditional form of singing of the Sami people of northern Scandinavia. A joik evokes a person, animal, or place. There are two styles: vuolle of the South Sami, and luohti the North Sami.
Kakegoe	No	Vocals		(also 掛け声) kakegoe are usually words of encouragement for the musicians, singers, or dancers performing with the music. They are also used to cue different parts of a musical piece.
Lead Vocals	No	Vocals
MC	No	Vocals		A Master of Ceremonies or MC (sometimes spelled emcee), sometimes called a compère or an MJ for "microphone jockey," MC became associated with what would change to become known as the rapper. Also is the host of an official public or private staged event or other performance, where the MC usually presents performers, speaks to the audience, and generally keeps the event moving
Mezzo-soprano Vocals	No	Vocals		A mezzo-soprano (meaning "half soprano" in Italian) is a female singer with a range usually extending from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above (i.e. A3-A5, middle C = C4).
Overtone Voice	No	Vocals		Overtone Voice, also known as overtone singing, throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances (or formants) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal folds, and out the lips to produce a melody. Throat singing is both a generic and a specific term. Generally, the term is applied to any singing style which entails the application of a harsh voice or some other constriction, although it is sometimes incorrectly applied to unconstricted overtone singing. Specifically, the term refers to a type of Central Asian overtone singing.
Rap	No	Vocals
Satsuma	No	Vocals
Scat	No	Vocals
Solo Vocal	No	Vocals
Soprano Vocals	No	Vocals
Speech	No	Vocals
Tenor Vocals	No	Vocals
Toasting	No	Vocals		Toasting, chatting, or DJing (not to be confused with the more common use of DJ outside of Jamaica to mean someone who plays records) is the act of talking or chanting over a rhythm or beat. Most common in the Reggae genre.
Treble Vocals	No	Vocals
Vocal Percussion	No	Vocals
Vocalese	No	Vocals
Vocals	No	Vocals
Voice	No	Vocals
Whistling	No	Vocals
Yodeling	No	Vocals		(also yodelling, jodeling) A form of singing that involves singing an extended note which rapidly and repeatedly changes in pitch from the vocal or chest register (or "chest voice") to the falsetto/head register; making a high-low-high-low sound. This vocal technique is used in many cultures throughout the world.
Adufe	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A traditional rectangular frame drum from Portugal. The frame is usually made of pine with goat's skin stretched over it, and contains some small seeds or stones to enhance the sound.
Afoxé	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	An Afro Brazilian musical instrument composed of a gourd (cabaça) wrapped in a net in which beads or small plastic balls are threaded. It looks like the xequerê, but the afoxé is smaller. The instrument is shaken to produce its musical noise.
Agogô	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(or agogo bell) - A multiple bell used in samba percussion ensembles. It is made of metal with each bell a different size. The most common arrangement is two bells attached by a U shaped piece of metal.
Alegre	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also hembra, mayor or quitambre: a drum about 70cm high made from a tree trunk used to accompany the melody in cumbia, involving complex rhythmic improvisations.
Ashiko	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A drum shaped like a truncated cone and meant to be played with bare hands. Played throughout sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. In eastern Cuba, it is known as boku. Unlike the sounds of a Djembe whose body offers two main tones, the straight edges offer a continuum of tones depending on how close to the center of the head the drum is struck. Some consider the ashiko to be male and the djembe female.
Atabal	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Bapang	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Bass Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Bata	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A sacred drum used by the Yoruba (of West Africa) and in the Caribbean. In Cuba, batá consists of a set of three drums: iyá ("mother drum"), the largest; itótele ("father") and okónkolo ("baby"), the smallest.
Bell Tree	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument, consisting of vertically nested inverted metal bowls. The bowls, placed on a vertical rod, are arranged in order of pitch (inexactly). The number of bowls can vary between approximately 14 and 28. An effective glissando is done by sliding a triangle beater, a glockenspiel mallet, or a xylophone mallet down the tree.
Bells	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	For all types of ringing metal. Note that Temple Bells and Tubular Bells have their own credits.
Bendir	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A frame drum used as a traditional instrument throughout North Africa, more specifically in Morocco
Bodhrán	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A frame drum ranging in anywhere from 10" to 26" in diameter, with most drums measuring from 14" to 18". The sides of the drum are 3 1/2" to 8" deep. A skin head is tacked to one side.
Body Percussion	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	May be performed on its own or as an accompaniment to song. The folk traditions of many countries include the use of body percussion. Examples of these include Indonesian saman, Ethiopian armpit music, palmas in flamenco, and the hambone from the United States.
Bombo	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Bombo Legüero) An Argentine drum traditionally made of a hollowed tree trunk and covered with cured skins of animals such as goats, cows or sheep.
Bones	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument consisting of a pair of animal bones, or pieces of wood or a similar material.
Bongos	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Buhay	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Bugai, Buhai, Berebenytsia, Bika, Buga, Bochka) - A friction drum. It consists of a conical barrel (sometimes a wooden bucket). At one end a sheep membrane is stretched with a hole in this skin's center. Through this hole a tuft of horse hair with a knot at one end is passed. Usually two performers are needed to operate the instrument, one to hold the instrument, the other to pull the horsehair with moistened fingers.
Buk	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A traditional Korean drum. It is barrel-shaped, with a round wooden body covered on both ends with animal skin.
Cabasa	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also called Afuche. Similar to the shekere, is a percussion instrument that is constructed with loops of steel ball chain wrapped around a wide cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to a long, narrow wooden or plastic handle.
Caixa	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A brazilian snare drum
Caja Vallenata	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Cajón	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Calabash	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument, of the family of idiophones, consisting of a dried half calabash, of large size, that is struck with the palms, fingers, wrist or objects to produce a variety of percussive sounds.
Castanets	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Caxixi	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A Brazilian percussion instrument consisting of a closed basket with a flat-bottom filled with seeds or other small particles.
Chácaras	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument from the Canary Islands similar to castanets but larger.
Chak'chas	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Pre-Columbian percussion instrument, made from the hooves of small animals.
Chanchiki	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Changgo	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Chinchín	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Maracas made from the shell of fruits from morro trees
Ching	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A small bowl-shaped finger cymbals of thick and heavy bronze, with a broad rim commonly used in Cambodia and Thailand.
Ching-Dong	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Clap Sticks	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A pair of wooden sticks used in indigenous Australian music by clapping them together.
Claves	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also called Clavés or Clave, a pair of short (about 20-8 cm), thick dowels. Traditionally they were made of wood, but nowadays they are also made of fibreglass or plastics. When struck they produce a bright clicking noise. Claves are sometimes hollow and carved in the middle to amplify the sound.
Congas	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Cowbell	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Cuica	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Brazilian friction drum
Cultrun	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A ceremonial drum used by the Mapuche in Chile.
Cymbal	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Daf	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also دف) A frame drum used in Middle East,Armenia, Pakistan, Turkey, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan and India. Some dafs are equipped with rings or small cymbals, making them a form of tambourine.
Darbouka	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Darbouka – Also darbuka, darabouka, darabuka, derbake, debuka, derbekkeh, tarabuka, tarabaki: a single-head drum with a goblet-shaped body most commonly used in the traditional music of Egypt, and also across North Africa. See also Goblet Drum.
Davul	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A large double-headed drum that is played with mallets.
Dhol	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A double-sided sided barrel drum (straight barrels also exist) played mostly as an accompanying instrument to the traditional Punjabi dance of Bhangra, the traditional dance of Gujarat, Raas, and the religious music of Sufism, Qawwali.
Dholak	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also ਢੋਲਕੀ, ढोलक, dholaki, dhool) A North Indian, Pakistani and Nepalese double-headed hand-drum.
Dikanza	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A notched length of bamboo rubbed by a wooden stick, used in Angolan music.
Djembe	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also jembe: a rope-tuned skin-covered goblet drum from West Africa
Doira	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A medium-sized frame drum with jingles
Doli	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Drum Programming	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Drums	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Dunun	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also: djun-djun) A West African cylindrical drum.
Electronic Drums	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Finger Cymbals	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Finger Snaps	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	The act of creating a cracking/clicking sound with one's fingers by building tension between the thumb and the middle or index finger, and then moving the middle or index finger so it hits the palm of one's hand.
Flamenco Dance	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Variants include Bailaor(a) (Spanish for flamenco dancer), Taconeo (rhythmic patterns created chiefly by the heel), Zapateo/Zapateado (an interplay of heel, toe and sole intended to produce elaborate sounding rhythms). The percussive rhythm made by the dancer's shoes makes the performer not just a dancer, but also a percussive musician.
Frame Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. Usually the single drumhead is made of rawhide or man-made materials.
Friction Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Rommelpot) - A percussion instrument consisting of a single membrane stretched over a sound box, whose sound is produced by the player causing the membrane to vibrate by friction.
Frottoir	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Relative to Washboard
Ganzá	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A cylindrically shaped Brazilian rattle, can be either a hand-woven basket, or a metal canister which is filled with beads, metal balls, pebbles, or other similar items. Those made from metal produce a particularly loud sound.
Ghatam	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Gatham) - An earthenware pot used in indian classical music
Ghungroo	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also گھنگرو‎, घुँघरू, Ghunghroo, Ghunghru, Ghungur, Salangai) small metallic bells strung together, a musical anklet tied to the feet of classical Indian dancers, and also Pakistani dancers.
Goblet Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also Called: Darabouka, Darbuka, Doumbek, Dumbek, Dumbeg, Tarambuke, Tombak, Zarb, Dumbelek, Tabla (not to be confused with Indian Tabla), Derbekkeh, Toumbeleki
Gong	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A wide variety of metal percussion instruments.
Gong Chime	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A series of tuned pot gongs, usually played in ensembles in south-east Asian music. Examples are: kulintang, gangsa (Bali/Java), reyong (Bali), bonang (Java), totobuang (Maluku Islands).
Gorosu	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Guacharaca	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Güira	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A scraped metal percussion instrument in Latin American music. Similar to the güiro, which is made from a gourd.
Guiro	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	The güiro is a scraped percussion instrument in Latin American music made from an open-ended, hollow gourd.
Handbell	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Handclaps	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Hang Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Hihat	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Hi-Hat) Two cymbals that are mounted on a stand, one on top of the other, and clashed together using a pedal on the stand. A narrow metal shaft or rod runs through both cymbals into a hollow tube and connects to the pedal. The top cymbal is connected to the rod with a clutch, while the bottom cymbal remains stationary resting on the hollow tube. The height of the top-cymbal (open position) is adjustable.
Hosho	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Zimbabwean percussion instrument
Hyoshigi	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Japanese wooden percussion instrument
Idiophone	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	An idiophone is any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself, without the use of strings or membranes. Idiophones are probably the oldest type of musical instrument (not counting the human voice). Most percussion instruments which are not drums are idiophones. Struck idiophones (sometimes called concussion idiophones) include most of the non-drum percussion instruments familiar in the west. They include all idiophones which are made to vibrate by being hit, either directly with a stick or hand (like the wood block, singing bowl, triangle or marimba), or indirectly, by way of a scraping or shaking motion (like maracas or flexatone). Various types of bells fall into both categories. The other three sub-divisions are rarer. They are plucked idiophones, such as the jew's harp, amplified cactus, music box or mbira (lamellophone / thumb piano); blown idiophones, of which there are a very small number of examples, the Aeolsklavier being one; and friction idiophones, such as the singing bowl, glass harmonica, glass harp, turntable, verrophone, daxophone, styrophone, musical saw, or nail violin (a number of pieces of metal or wood rubbed with a bow). A number of idiophones that are normally struck, such as vibraphone bars and cymbals, can also be bowed.
Jaggo	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum generally played with one stick and one hand.
Janggu	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also called janggo or changgo. A percussion instrument used in most kinds of Korean traditional music. It is made from a hollow wooden body and two leather skins. The two sides produce sounds of different pitch and tone.
Jing	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A large gong
K'kwaengwari	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Metal idiophone.
Ka	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Percussion from the Réunion Island (and from Guadeloupe and Martinique)
Kagura Suzu	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	神楽鈴 (Japanese bells)
Kanjira	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also ganjira) is a South Indian frame drum, an instrument of the tambourine family
Karkabas	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Metal double castanets of the Gnawa (Morocco). Also known as krakebs or garagab.
Kebero	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A double-headed, conical hand drum from Ethiopia, Sudan and Eritrea, primarily used in weddings, funerals and other ceremonies. The instrument is made from a hollowed-out section of a tree trunk with a piece of animal hide stretched over each end.
Kendang	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	lso Kendhang, Gandang, Gendrang: a two-headed drum used in the Gamelan and Kulintang ensembles of the Indonesian Archipelago.
Khartal	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	This wooden clapper is a Ghana Vadya which has discs or plates that produce a clinking sound when clapped together.
Khurdak	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	An Indian percussion instrument, a type of tambourine
Kynggari	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A small gong used primarily in folk music.
Lagerphone	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Lion's Roar	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A membranophone instrument that has a drum head and a cord or horsehair passing through it. The home-made lion's roar is a drum that sits on the floor. The cord then makes friction with the drumhead as it is moved back and forth. It makes a noise effect like lion roaring.
Llamador	No	Instruments		Also macho or yamaró: a drum used to mark the beat or cadence in cumbia, with a conical body 30 to 40cm high. There are two types of llamador drums: "de pecho", which rests on the lap and played with one hand, and "de pie" which is played standing and with both hands.
Madal	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Mallets	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Maracas	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Monkey stick	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Mendoza, Mendozer, Murrumbidgee River Rattler, Lagerphone) a pole affixed to a heavy boot at the base. Metal "jingles", commonly beer-bottle tops, are fastened at intervals along the shaft.
Mridangam	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument from South India. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble. Alternate spellings include mridanga, mrudangam, mrdangam, mrithangam miruthangam and mirudhangam.
Naqareh	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also naqqāra, nagara, nagada, nakers or naccaire: a Middle Eastern drum with a rounded back and a hide head, usually played in pairs.
Narimono	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Oodaiko	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Pakhavaj	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Pandeiro	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Brazilian tambourine with a tuned skin.
Percussion	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Quijada	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also charrasca: the jawbone of a donkey used in Latin American music. It is either struck with a stick to make the teeth rattle or the stick pulled across the teeth, creating a rasping sound.
Rainstick	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A long, hollow tube which is filled with small baubles such as beads or beans and has small pins arranged helically on its inside surface. When the stick is upended, the beads fall to the other end of the tube, making a sound reminiscent of a rainstorm as they bounce off the pins. The rainstick is generally used to create atmospheric sound effects or as a percussion instrument.
Ratchet	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Rattle	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Ravanne	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A large drum like the bodhrán of Irish music, used to mark the main rhythm in the séga music of Mauritius.
Reco-reco	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A scraping instrument that is held in one hand whilst the other scrapes its springs with a metal stick.
Repinique	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A two-headed Brazilian drum used in samba baterias (percussion ensembles)
Rototoms	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Drums which have no shell. They consist of a single head in a die-cast zinc or aluminum frame. Unlike most other drums, they have a variable definite pitch.
Sabar	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A traditional drum from Senegal that is generally played with one hand and one stick.
Scraper	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Shaker	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A shaker may comprise a container, partially full of small loose objects such as beads, which create the percussive sounds as they collide with each other, the inside surface, or other fixed objects inside the container.
Shakubyoshi	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	笏拍子 (Japanese percussion instrument)
Shekere	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument from Africa, consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd. Throughout the continent it is called different things, such as the lilolo, axatse (Ghana), Xequeré, and chequere.
Shuitar	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Percussion instrument
Singing Bowls	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also known as a Himalayan bowl or cup gong. The instrument is made of metal, played by hitting, striking, or slowly rubbing/stirring a wooden striker/mallet within or on the top outer surface of the bowl
Sistrum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A hand-held metal frame with hinged loops that is shaken. It originated in ancient Egypt and is now a liturgical instrument in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
Skratjie	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Surinam drum & percussion instrument, a bass drum with two cymbals mounted on top.
Slapstick	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A wooden percussion instrument consisting of two flat pieces of wood, hinged at one end, which, when snapped together produce a slapping sound.
Slit Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A hollow percussion instrument, usually a log drum of bamboo or wood, that is made with one or more slits in it.
Snare	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A drum with strands of snares made of curled metal wire, metal cable, plastic cable, or gut cords stretched across the drumhead, typically the bottom. Pipe and tabor and some military snare drums often have a second set of snares on the bottom (internal) side of the top (batter) head to make a "brighter" sound, and the Brazilian caixa commonly has snares on the top of the upper drumhead.
Spoons	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Lojki / Lozhki in Russian for wooden spoons) Spoons can be played as a makeshift percussion instrument. A pair of spoons is held with concave sides facing out and with a finger between their handles to space them apart. When the pair is struck, the spoons sharply hit each other and then spring back to their original position. The spoons are typically struck against the knee and the palm of the hand.
Stomp Box	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Simple percussion instrument consisting of a small box placed under the foot, which is tapped or stamped on rhythmically to produce a sound similar to that of a bass drum.
String Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also lion's roar: a drum head with a horsehair cord running through it. played by rubbing against the skin, which produces a sound similar to the roar of a lion.
Surdo	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A large bass drum used in many kinds of Brazilian music, most notably samba. Sizes normally vary between 8" or even 14" and 26" or even 29" diameter.
Surigane	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Japanese metal percussion instrument
Suzu	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
T'rung	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also t'rưng: a traditional bamboo xylophone used in Vietnam's Central Highlands.
Taal	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also talam, mandira, manjira, manjeera, jalra, karatala, kartal or gini: a pair of high-pitched clash cymbals from the Indian subcontinent.
Tabl Baladi	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A large wood-framed drum from Egypt with heavy skin on both sides, used to provide the beat for dances and in religious ceremonies.
Tabla	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A popular Indian percussion instrument used in the classical, popular and religious music of the Indian subcontinent and in Hindustani classical music. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres.
Taiko	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Generic Japanese word for 'drum'.
Talking Drum	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also called Odondo, Dondo, Lunna, Donno, Kalangu, Doodo, Tama, Tamma, Dundun, Gangan - A West African drum whose pitch can be regulated to the extent that it is said the drum "talks". The player puts the drum under one shoulder and beats the instrument with a stick. A talking drum player raises or lowers the pitch by squeezing or releasing the drum's strings with the upper arm.
Tam-tam	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A flat faced gong
Tambora	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(from the Spanish word tambor, meaning "drum") is a name for a group of Afro-Caribbean musical instruments. It is used in many Latin American countries musical styles; in the Dominican musical folkloric styles and merengue, the Cumbia in Colombia, and the Venezuelan gaita.
Tamboril	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Tamborim	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A small, round Brazilian frame drum of Portuguese and African origin. The frame is 6" in diameter and may be made of metal, plastic or wood. The head is typically made of nylon and is normally very tightly tuned in order to ensure a high, sharp sound and a minimum of sustain. The drum is devoid of snares or jingles.
Tambourine	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Tan-Tan	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	(also Tantan, Tan Tan) - a cylindrical hand drum from Brazil that is used in small samba and pagode ensembles. It imitates the big Surdo which is played by the famous samba baterias (percussion ensembles). But due to its smaller size the tan tan is not as loud as a Surdo and so it is played rarely in big samba schools.
Tap Dance	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	The tapping sound made when the small metal plates on the dancer's shoes touch a hard floor. This lively, rhythmic tapping makes the performer not just a dancer, but also a percussive musician.
Tar (Drum)	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A single-headed frame drum from North Africa and the Middle East.
Temple Bells	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also called: Japanese Temple Bells, Tibetan Bells
Temple Block	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument originating in China, Japan and Korea where it is used in religious ceremonies. It is a carved hollow wooden instrument with a large slit. In its traditional form, (the Wooden Fish )the shape is somewhat bulbous; modern instruments are also used which are rectangular in shape.
Thavil	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A barrel shaped percussion instrument from Tamil Nadu.
Tifa	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A single-headed goblet drum used throughout the Maluku Islands of Eastern Indonesia.
Timbales	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Timpani	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also known as kettledrums.
Tingsha	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also ting-sha: small paired cymbals used in prayer and rituals by Tibetan Buddhist practitioners
Tom Tom	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A cylindrical drum with no snare.
Tombak	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also doumbek, dumbec, dumbek, dumbeg, dumbelek, tarambuke, tonbak, toumbeleki, toumperleki, tumbak, zerbaghali, zarb: a goblet drum from Iran, considered the principal percussion instrument of Persian music.
Toubeleki	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A traditional Greek goblet drum, usually made from metal with a single skin stretched over the top. It is used particularly in laiko and rebetiko music.
Triangle	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Tsuzumi	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Also tsudzumi, kotsuzumi (鼓): a small Japanese hand drum shaped like an hourglass, with two drum heads linked by cords that can be squeezed or released to alter the pitch of the drum while playing.
Tüngür	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	While "kenggirge" is the term for "drum" (used in Lamaist temple ceremonies) in Tuvan, the term "tüngür" is used to refer to a shaman drum. Both are approximately two feet in diameter. Drums used by Tuvan shamans frequently have a skin on one side and a handle on the back; they are similar to sub-contrabass tambourines. They have small bells or jingles tied to their handle.
Udu	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A water jug with one more holes, usually made of clay
Vibraslap	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A percussion instrument consisting of a piece of stiff wire (bent in a handle-like shape) connecting a wood ball to a block of wood with metal "teeth" inside
Wadaiko	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Washboard	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	The washboard and frottoir are used as a percussion instrument, employing the ribbed metal surface of the cleaning device as a rhythm instrument. It is played primarily by tapping and, but also scraping, the washboard with thimbles.
Waterphone	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	A unique type of atonal acoustic musical instrument constructed largely of a stainless steel resonator "bowl" with a cylindrical "neck", containing a small amount of water, and with brass rods around the rim of the bowl. The waterphone produces a vibrant ethereal type of music.
Wood Block	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion
Zabumba	No	Instruments	Drums and percussion	Brazilian percussion instrument
Amadinda	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	A tuned log mallet instrument derivative of an Ugandan xylophone.
Angklung	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	A musical instrument made out of two bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved so that they have a resonant pitch when struck. The two tubes are tuned to octaves. The base of the frame is held with one hand while the other hand shakes the instrument rapidly from side to side. This causes a rapidly repeating note to sound
Balafon	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	(also Bala, Balaphone) - a resonated frame, wooden keyed percussion idiophone of West Africa; part of the idiophone family of tuned percussion instruments that includes the xylophone, marimba, glockenspiel, and the vibraphone. Sound is produced by striking the tuned keys with two padded sticks.
Boomwhacker	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Boomwhackers Tuned Percussion Tubes are lightweight, hollow, color-coded, plastic tubes, tuned to musical pitches by length.
Carillon	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	At least 23 cup-shaped bells played from a baton keyboard using fists and feet (such an instrument with fewer than this number of bells is known as a chime). Carillon bells are made of bell bronze, approximately 78% copper and 22% tin, normally housed in bell towers. However, there are indoor carillons usually of light weight bells which may be hung inside shopping malls or in theatres
Celesta	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	(also celeste} Operated by a keyboard, its appearance is similar to that of an upright piano (four- or five-octave) or of a large wooden music box (three-octave). The keys are connected to hammers which strike a graduated set of metal (usually steel) plates suspended over wooden resonators. One of the best-known works that makes use of the celesta is Tchaikovsky's "Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy" from The Nutcracker. The sound of the celesta is akin to that of the glockenspiel, but with a much softer and more subtle timbre. This quality gave rise to the instrument's name, celeste meaning "heavenly" in French.
Chimes	No	Instruments	Tuned percussion	An orchestral percussion instrument which is a set of about 18 metal tubes tuned chromatically and played with a hammer
Crotales	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	(also antique cymbals) - Percussion instruments consisting of small, tuned bronze or brass disks. Each is about 4 inches in diameter with a flat top surface and a nipple on the base. They are commonly played by being struck with hard mallets. They may also be played by striking two disks together in the same manner as finger cymbals, or by bowing. Their sound is rather like a small tuned bell, only with a much brighter sound, and a much longer resonance.
Glockenspiel	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Guitaret	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Electric lamellophone
Hammered Dulcimer	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	A western European instrument with a trapezoidal soundboard, played by striking strings with small metal hammers. Known as the Hackbrett in German. Related instruments are the Santur (Iran), Santoor (India), Cimbalom (eastern Europe) and Yangqin (China).
Jal Tarang	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	An Indian instrument consisting of a set of ceramic or metal bowls filled with water, played by striking the edge with stick.
Kalimba	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Also called Thumb Piano, Finger Harp, Mbira, Kissansi, Sansa. An African plucked idiophone.
Lamellophone	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Marimba	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Marimbula	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	A lamellophone played by plucking metal keys attached to a resonator box
Metallophone	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Any musical instrument consisting of tuned metal bars which are struck to make sound, usually with a mallet.
Musical Box	No	Instruments	Tuned percussion	(also music box) is a 19th century automatic musical instrument that produces sounds by the use of a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc so as to strike the tuned teeth of a steel comb.
Prempensua	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Large lamellophone that is used to provide bass in the music of Ghana.
Santoor	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	A 100-stringed trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer from India, often made of walnut and derived from the Persian Santur.
Santur	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	A trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer from Iran/Persia, often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. For the related Indian instrument with 100 strings, see Santoor.
Slagbordun	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Steel Drums	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Thumb Piano	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Tubaphone	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Type of metallophone constructed from a series of metal tubes arranged in a keyboard configuration.
Tubular Bells	No	Instruments	Tuned percussion	aka Orchestral Chimes
Tun	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Two-tongued wooden marimba fashioned from a block of wood
Txalaparta	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Vibraphone	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion	Also called 'Vibraharp' or shortened to 'Vibes' - in the mallet subfamily of the percussion family. It is similar in appearance to the xylophone and marimba, although the vibraphone uses aluminum bars instead of the wooden bars of those instruments. Also features tuned resonators below the bars, with motor driven discs that vary the amplitude, giving the distinctive wavering sound to the instrument.
Xylophone	No	Instruments	Tuned Percussion
Xylorimba	No	Instruments	Tuned percussion	Also xylo-marimba, marimba-xylophone: a tuned percussion instrument similar in shape to a xylophone but with an extended 5-octave range, typically an octave higher than that of the marimba. In spite of its name, it is not a combination of a xylophone and a marimba.
Baby Grand Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A grand piano that may be shorter than it is wide.
Chamberlin	No	Instruments	Keyboard	(also Chamberlain) - an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron.
Claviorgan	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Concert Grand Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A grand piano that is between about 2.2 m to 3 m long.
Dulcitone	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A keyboard instrument in which sound is produced by a range of tuning forks, which vibrate when struck by felt-covered hammers activated by the keyboard.
Electric Harmonium	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Electric Harpsichord	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Electric Organ	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Electric Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	For Rhodes and Wurlitzer electric pianos, and variations.
Fortepiano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	The fortepiano has leather-covered hammers and thin, harpsichord-like strings. It has a much lighter case construction than the modern piano and it has no metal frame or bracing. The action and hammers are lighter. The tone of the fortepiano is quite different from that of the modern piano, being softer with less sustain. Accents tend to stand out more than on the modern piano, as they differ from softer notes in timbre as well as volume, and decay rapidly.
Grand Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Grand pianos have the frame and strings placed horizontally, with the strings extending away from the keyboard.
Harmonium	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Pedal or hand pumped keyboard reed instrument, common in Indian music styles.
Harpsichord	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Keyboards	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Luthéal	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A hybrid instrument in which two treble and two bass stops are added to a grand piano to enable the production of additional timbres resembling cimbalom, harpsichord, and harp (or lute).
Mellotron	No	Instruments	Keyboard	An electromechanical polyphonic keyboard musical instrument, in effect the world's first sample-playback keyboard. Works by playing back a bank of magnetic tape strips, each tape with approximately eight seconds of playing time
Melodica	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Omnichord	No	Instruments	Keyboard	An electronic musical instrument manufactured by the Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation. It typically features a touch plate and numerous chord buttons.
Ondes Martenot	No	Instruments	Keyboard	(also Ondium Martenot, Martenot and ondes musicales) is an early electronic musical instrument, invented in 1928 by Maurice Martenot and originally very similar in sound to the Theremin. The instrument is especially known for its eerie wavering notes produced by the thermionic valves that produce oscillating frequencies.
Organ	No	Instruments	Keyboard	For Hammond organ use Electric Organ [Hammond]
Parlour Grand Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A grand piano that is about 1.7 m to 2.2 m.
Pedalboard	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A keyboard played with the feet
Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Player Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A piano that records a performance using rolls of paper with perforations, and then replays the performance using pneumatic devices.
Portative Organ	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Also organetto: a very small pipe organ, smaller than the positive organ, that is played while held by or strapped to the performer.
Positive Organ	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A portable pipe organ, usually single-manual, common between the 10th and the 18th centuries, often used in basso continuo.
Pump Organ	No	Instruments	Keyboard	type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. Includes the reed organ, harmonium, and melodeon.
Regal	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A small late-medieval portable organ, furnished with beating reeds and having two bellows like a positive organ.
Samvadini	No	Instruments	Keyboard	An Indian instrument created by adding a swarmandal to the top of a harmonium.
Stylophone	No	Instruments	Keyboard	A miniature stylus-operated synthesizer.
Synth	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Shortened version of 'Synthesizer'.
Synthesizer	No	Instruments	Keyboard	(also Synthesiser, Synth) An electronic instrument capable of producing sounds by generating electrical signals of different frequencies. Synthesizers use a number of different technologies. Among the most popular waveform synthesis techniques are subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis, wavetable synthesis, frequency modulation synthesis, phase distortion synthesis, physical modeling synthesis and sample-based synthesis. Other sound synthesis methods, like subharmonic synthesis or granular synthesis, are not commonly found in hardware music synthesizers. Synthesizers are often controlled with a piano-style keyboard, leading such instruments to be referred to simply as "keyboards".
Tangent Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Keyboard instrument that resembles a harpsichord and early pianos in design.
Toy Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard
Upright Piano	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Upright pianos, also called vertical pianos, are more compact because the frame and strings are vertical, extending up and down from the keyboard and hammers.
Virginal	No	Instruments	Keyboard	Member of the harpsichord family. Unlike the harpsichord and spinet, the virginal’s single set of strings runs nearly parallel to the keyboard. By building the instrument with its keyboard at one side or the other of the front of the rectangular case, different tone colours can be obtained because of the change in plucking point of the string.
12-String Acoustic Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
12-String Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
5-String Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
5-String Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
6-String Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
6-String Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
7-string Acoustic Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Classical guitars with one extra (usually bass) string. See also Guitarra Séptima (Mexican), Semistrunnaya Gitara (Russian) and Violão de Sete Cordas (Brazillian) for specific types.
7-string Electric Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
8-string Bass Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also octave bass: a bass guitar with paired strings tuned an octave apart, similar to a 12-string guitar.
Acoustic Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A bass version of the acoustic guitar. Please use carefully, as this is also sometimes used as a synonym for the Double Bass
Acoustic Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Folk Guitar)- Has metal strings and a larger body than a classical guitar.
Acoustic Piccolo Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An adaptation of the double bass for higher tunings.
Adungu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also a'dungu, ekidongo or ennenga: an arched harp from northwestern Uganda, usually with between seven and ten strings.
Angélique	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also angelica: A plucked string instrument of the Baroque era that combines features of the lute, the harp, and the theorbo.
Archlute	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plucked string instrument developed around 1600, it is essentially a tenor lute with a neck extension similar to that of the theorbo. Eventually eclipsed the theorbo in continuo roles in Baroque music.
Arco Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An acoustic bass guitar redesigned to be played upright.
Arpa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A native instrument from Paraguay (South America). Unlike "Harp", this doesn't have pedals. Called also "Arpa Paraguaya" or "Arpa Criolla". Also used in folkloric music of Venezuela and Honduras. Today, Japanese artists play it in experimental music.
Autoharp	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A zither-like musical string instrument having a series of chord bars attached to dampers which, when depressed, mute all the strings other than those that form the desired chord
Baglama	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A member of the long-necked lute family, used by various cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean. Also called a Saz.
Bajo Quinto	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A five course version of the bajo sexto
Bajo Sexto	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A type of 12 string guitar, fused with a bass, used in Mexican music
Balalaika	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Bandola	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Bandolin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A smaller variation of the mandolin from Trinidad.
Bandora	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also bandore: a large long-necked plucked string-instrument that can be regarded as a bass cittern, similar to the smaller orpharion.
Bandura	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Ukrainian plucked string instrument similar to a zither.
Bandurria	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plectrum plucked chordophone from Spain, similar to the cittern and the mandolin, primarily used in Spanish folk music.
Banhu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Chinese traditional bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It is used primarily in northern China. Ban means a piece of wood and hu is short for huqin. Like the erhu and gaohu, the banhu has two strings, is held vertically, and the bow hair passes in between the two strings. The banhu differs in construction from the erhu in that its soundbox is generally made from a coconut shell rather than wood, and instead of a snakeskin that is commonly used to cover the faces of huqin instruments, the banhu uses a thin wooden board.
Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Banjolin	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Baritone Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A variation on the standard guitar, with a longer scale length that allows it to be tuned to a lower range.
Baroque Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	String instrument with five courses of gut strings and moveable gut frets.
Baryton	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Bass Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Another method of crediting this popular instrument, instead of having to use 'Bass [Bass Guitar]. Either method is acceptable.
Bass Viol	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Bass Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Baroque-era bass instruments of the violin family, somewhat larger than the modern cello, but usually tuned to the same pitch and often used as a continuo instrument. Note: sometimes the modern double bass is referred to as a 'bass violin' or 'bass fiddle'; in such a case, please use Double Bass.
Berimbau	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Single-string instrument, a musical bow, from Brazil
Bhapang	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A drum with a string in the centre, that is played by plucking the string and varying the tension on the string.
Biwa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Japanese short-necked fretted lute, and a close variant of the Chinese pipa.
Blaster Beam	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also called just 'Beam'
Bolon	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	3-string instrument which is plucked and struck by hand, producing deep bass sounds
Bouzouki	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Bulbul Tarang	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A small music box like a combination of a typewriter, a mandolin and a dulcimer. 5 metal strings (usually all tuned the same) run over a square wooden box. The keys (usually keys from an old typewriter) press their arm onto the strings like it is a fret, shortening the strings to the appropriate note.
Buzuq	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	lso bozuq, bouzouk, buzuk: a long-necked fretted lute associated with the music of Lebanon and Syria, related to the Greek bouzouki and Turkish saz.
Byzaanchi	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Chinese long necked instrument
Cavaquinho	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Brazilian predecessor to the ukulele
Cello	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Short name for violoncello
Cello Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Celtic Harp	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also cláirseach (Irish), clàrsach (Scottish Gaelic), telyn (Welsh), telenn (Breton): a triangular-frame harp traditional to the Celtic nations of northwest Europe.
Cetara	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also cetara: a plucked string instrument from Corsica with sixteen or eighteen metal strings in paired courses, with mandolin-like body but larger.
Changi	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Georgian traditional instrument
Chanzy	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Sometimes spelled "tschansy", a lute with three strings
Chapman Stick	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Charango	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A small South American stringed instrument of the lute family, about 66 cm long, traditionally made with the shell of the back of an armadillo
Chitarrone	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plucked string instrument.
Chonguri	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Gregorian plucked string instrument
Chuniri	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Cigar Box Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A simple guitar, usually with three strings and an empty cigar box as a resonator.
Cimbalom	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also cymbalum, cymbalom, tambal, tsymbaly, tsimbl or santouri, a musical instrument found mainly in the music of Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Greece and Ukraine. In Czechoslovakia it was also known as a Cimbal. It is related to the hammered dulcimer of Western Europe.
Citole	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Ancestor of the Cittern
Cittern	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A stringed instrument of the guitar family dating from the Renaissance. The name "cittern" has also been applied in the late twentieth century to a number of variant members of the mandolin family.
Clàrsach	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Classical Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Spanish guitar, Nylon String Guitar) 6-stringed plucked string instrument.
Clavichord	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	A stringed keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras. The clavichord produces sound by striking brass or iron strings with small metal blades called tangents. Vibrations are transmitted through the bridge(s) to the soundboard.
Clavinet	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An electrophonic keyboard instrument manufactured by the Hohner company. It is essentially an electronically amplified clavichord, analogous to an electric guitar. Its distinctive bright staccato sound has appeared particularly in funk, disco, rock, and reggae songs. Not to be confused with clarinet!
Cobza	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Koboz) A Romanian and Moldovan folk instrument of the lute family.
Contrabass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also called 'Double Bass'.
Crwth	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also crowd or rote: a Welsh bowed lyre.
Cuatro	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Any of several Latin American instruments of the guitar or lute family. The cuatro is smaller in size than a guitar. Cuatro means four in Spanish, although the current instruments may have more than four strings.
Cümbüş	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Cumbus) a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin. Developed in the early 20th century by Zeynelabidin Cümbüş as an oud-like instrument that could be heard as part of a larger ensemble. In construction it resembles both the American banjo and the Middle Eastern oud.
Cura	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Deaejeng	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	A long zither with 15 strings, slightly larger than the gayageum
Diddley Bow	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Single-stringed American instrument
Dilruba	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A cross between the sitar and sarangi. It is extremely close to the esraj and the mayuri vina. It so close that most people are unable to tell them apart. The difference is to be found in the shape of the resonators and the manner in which the sympathetic strings attach. Still they are so similar that a dilruba player has no trouble playing an esraj or a mayuri vina and vice versa.
Dobro	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Resonator Guitar)
Dojo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Stringed Instrument
Dombra	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also dombıra, dambura, dumbıra, tumpıra, tumra..) Long-necked relative of the Lute
Domra	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(Ukrainian: домра) - A long-necked Ukrainian string instrument of the lute family with a round body and three or four metal strings.
Doshpuluur	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Long-necked Tuvan lute made from wood.
Dotara	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also dotar: an instrument from Bengal with two, four or five strings that are plucked. Note: not to be confused with the dutar of Iran and Central Asia.
Double Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also called: Bass Fiddle, Contrabass, Upright Bass, String Bass, Standup Bass, Acoustic Bass (careful with this, as there are sit-down acoustic basses as well), Bass Viol, Contrabass Viol, Bass Violin, Doghouse Bass, Dog-House, Bull Fiddle, Hoss Bass, Bunkhouse Bass
Dulcimer	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Please use this role only if the type of dulcimer cannot be determined. See Hammered Dulcimer, Mountain Dulcimer (Appalachian), Santur (Iran), Santoor (India), Cimbalom (eastern Europe) and Yangqin (China).
Dutar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also dotar, doutar, Persian دو تار , Uzbek dutor) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed lute found in Central Asia and South Asia. (Note: not to be confused with the dotara of Bengal.)
Đàn bầu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Vietnamese monochord.
Đàn Nguyệt	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A two-stringed Vietnamese traditional instrument with a long neck and a round body.
Đàn Tranh	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also đàn thập lục: a plucked zither from Vietnam with a long soundbox with steel strings and movable bridges, derived from the Chinese guzheng.
Đàn Tỳ Bà	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A traditional Vietnamese plucked string instrument derived from the Chinese pipa.
Ektare	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	From Nepal, consists of one string tied to a small drum with two flexible supports stretching the string to the 'head' of the instrument, which is constructed as a smaller version of the drum body. Played by plucking the string or playing the drum with the hand, the note can be altered by bending the supports, or by holding the string.
Electric Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Electric Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also just 'Bass'
Electric Cello	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Electric Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	See also Guitar and Acoustic Guitar
Electric Harp	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An electric version of the acoustic harp that has a solid body and is amplified electronically rather than acoustically.
Electric Sitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A type of electric guitar designed to mimic the sound of the Indian sitar.
Electric Upright Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also EUB, Stick Bass, Baby Bass) - An electronically amplified version of the double bass that has a smaller or non-existent body, which greatly reduces the size and weight of the instrument, as well as enhances the feedback resistance of the amplified instrument. The EUB retains enough of the features of the double bass so that double bass players are comfortable performing on it. While the EUB retains some of the tonal characteristics of the double bass, its electrically-amplified nature also gives it its own unique sound. Although invented in the 1930s, it wasn't really until the introduction in the late 1950s of the Ampeg Baby Bass that the concept took off.
Electric Viola	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Electric Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Epinette des Vosges	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Traditional plucked-string instrument of the zither family, whose use was confined to two areas in the Vosges mountains of France.
Erhu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also 二胡, èrhú, nanhu 南胡, southern fiddle, Chinese violin, Chinese two-string fiddle) - A two-stringed bowed musical instrument, used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is the most popular instrument in the huqin (胡琴) family of Chinese bowed string instruments.
Esraj	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also এস্রাজ, इसराज, israja) A string instrument found in the east and central areas of India, particularly Bengal, as well as Bangladesh, and it is used in a somewhat wider variety of musical styles than is the dilruba.
Fiddle	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A violin, often used in folk music. One very slight difference between "fiddles" and ordinary violins may be seen in American (e.g., bluegrass and old-time music) fiddling: in these styles, the top of the bridge may be cut so that it is very slightly less curved. This reduces the range of right-arm motion required for the rapid string-crossings found in some styles, and is said to make it easier to play double stops and shuffles (bariolage), or to make triple stops possible, allowing one to play chords.
Five-String Viola	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A viola with an extra string, usually tuned to high E.
Five-String Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A violin with an extra string, usually tuned to lower C.
Flamenco Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Built lighter in weight than classical guitars, which produces a “brighter” and more percussive sound quality. Volume has traditionally been very important for flamenco guitarists, as they must be heard over the sound of the dancers’ nailed shoes. In contrast to the classical guitar, the flamenco is often equipped with a tap plate (a golpeador), commonly made of plastic, similar to a pick guard, whose function is to protect the body of the guitar from the rhythmic finger taps, or golpes.
Fretless Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Fretless Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Gadulka	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also gǎdulka, gudulka, g'dulka) A traditional Bulgarian bowed string instrument.
Gaohu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also 高胡, pgāohú, yuehu, 粤胡) is a Chinese bowed string instrument developed from the erhu in the 1920s. It belongs to the huqin family of instruments, together with the zhonghu, erhu, banhu, jinghu, and sihu, its name means "high pitched huqin". It has two strings and its soundbox is covered on the front (playing) end with snakeskin (from a python).
Gayageum	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also spelled kayagûm) - A traditional Korean zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings, although more recently variants have been constructed with 21 or other numbers of strings
Geomungo	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also spelled komungo, Komunko, or kŏmungo) is a traditional Korean stringed musical instrument of zither family instrument with both bridges and frets.
Ghaychak	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also gheychak: a double-chambered bowed lute with four or more metal strings and a short fretless neck used in the region around Iran. Not to be confused with the dissimilar ghijak of Central Asia.
Ghijak	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also ghidjak, ghichak, gidzhak, gijak, g'ijjak, or ghijek, aijieke or jizihake: a group of related spike fiddles from central Asia. Not to be confused with the dissimilar Persian kamancheh.
Giga	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Also vihuela de arco, viola d'arco: a bowed stringed instrument that originated during the medieval period in the Iberian peninsula. It is regarded as one of the ancestors of the viola da gamba.
Gittern	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Gottuvâdyam	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also gottuvadyam, chitravina, chitra vina, or mahanataka vina, கோடடு வாத்தியம்) A Carnatic music string instrument played mainly in South India. It is usually used as a solo instrument in Carnatic music.
Gravikord	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A 24-string electric double bridge-harp, based on the West African kora.
Guimbri	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	North African lute.
Guitalele	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also guitarlele) A guitar-ukulele hybrid.
Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Guitar Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Guitar Synthesizer	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Guitarra Séptima	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Mexican acoustic guitar with 14 strings in seven pairs.
Guitarrón	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(literally "large guitar" in Spanish) A very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played in mariachi bands.
GuitarViol	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Bowed Guitar) - a guitar-formatted bowed string instrument.
Guqin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also 古琴, gǔqín, ku-ch'in) - The modern name for a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family.
Gusle	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A single-stringed musical instrument traditional to the Dinarides region of the Balkans, held vertically between the knees. Note: not to be confused with the multi-stringed Gusli.
Gusli	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An ancient generic Slavic term for a stringed musical instrument. The term and its derivatives is used for either a plucked psaltery or zither-like instrument or for the violin or bowed equivalents. Originally the instrument had gut strings made from pig entrails. In recent times concert versions of the instrument have steel strings.
Guzheng	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also gu zheng, gu-zheng, 古箏, gǔzhēng) A Chinese musical instrument that belongs to the zither family of string instruments.
Haegum	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	A vertical fiddle with two strings.
Halldorophone	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An electro-acoustic instrument is loosely based on a cello and allows the player to color the sound of what is being played by feeding the vibrations of each string back into the body of the instrument.
Hardingfele	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Hardanger fiddle or hardingfele (Norwegian) is a traditional stringed instrument from Norway. In modern designs, the instruments are very similar to the violin, but typically with thinner wood. The instrument typically has eight or nine strings; four are played like a violin, while the rest (aptly named sympathetic strings) resonate under the influence of the other four.
Harp	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Harp Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A guitar with any number of additional unstopped strings that can accommodate individual plucking.
Hayashi	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Hualaycho	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also walaychu, maulincho: the smallest member of the charango family.
Huapanguera	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also guitarra quinta huapanguera or guitarra huapanguera: a Mexican guitar-like instrument with a large resonating body with a short neck with 8 to 10 frets, that usually takes the bass part in a conjunto huasteco ensemble, along with the jarana huasteca and violin.
Hummel	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An old Swedish stringed instrument similar to an older type of zither and is related to the Norwegian langeleik.
Huqin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A family of bowed string instruments used in Chinese music. The most common huqin are the erhu (essentially a Chinese violin, also spelt Urhu), zhonghu (Chinese viola), and gaohu (a higher pitched instrument commonly used in Cantonese music.) Over thirty types of huqin instruments have been documented.
Hurdy Gurdy	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	On this instrument, several strings arranged so that they can be played simultaneously by a rotating wheel covered with rosin. It is essentially a mechanical violin.
Ichigenkin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also sumagoto: a Japanese single-stringed plucked zither with a slender, slightly curved body.
Igil	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Two-stringed Tuvan musical instrument, played by bowing the strings. The strings, and those of the bow, are traditionally made of hair from a horse's tail (strung parallel), but may also be made of nylon.
Inānga	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also ikivuvu, indimbagazo: a trough zither of central Africa.
Irish Bouzouki	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An adaptation of the Greek 4-course bouzouki for Irish traditional music.
Jarana	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A guitar-shaped fretted stringed instrument from Mexico
Jinghu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family, used primarily in Beijing opera. It is the smallest and highest pitched instrument in the huqin family.
Jouhikko	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Jouhikannel) An ancient Finnish instrument, a type of bowed lyre, consisting of 2-4 strings. Its strings are traditionally of horsehair, though some modern instruments are made with carbon fibre, nylon, gut or metal viola strings.
Kabosy	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A box-shaped wooden guitar commonly played in music of Madagascar. It has four to six strings and is commonly thought to be a direct descendant of the Arabic lute. Known to locals as a 'mandoliny', also spelt kabossy
Kamancha	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	folk fiddle of Rajasthan, is a rounded bowed instrument. It is also known as the Armenian spiked fiddle.
Kanklės	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Kannel	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A type of Baltic psaltery (box zither) from Estonia.
Kantele	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A traditional plucked string instrument of the zither family. It is related to the Russian gusli, the Latvian kokle and the Lithuanian kanklės. Together these instruments make up the family known as Baltic Psalteries.
Kanun	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Qanun, քանոն, K’anon, قانون , Qānūn, قوانين , Qawānīn, κανονάκι, κανονακια, قانون , Qānūn, Kanun, Qanún, Kanun) - A string instrument found in the 10th century in Farab in Turkestan.
Kemenche	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Kemenche – (Kurdish: kemençe, Turkish: kemençe, Laz: Ç'ilili Greek: κεμεντζές) is a bottle-shaped, 3-stringed type of rebec or fiddle from the Black Sea region of Asia Minor also known as the "kementche of Laz" in Turkey. In Greece and the Pontian Greek diaspora, it is known as the "Pontian lyra" or "Politiki lyra". It is the main instrument used in Pontian music. The Macedonian/south Serbian version of the instrument is known as the kemane. The kemenche is played in the upright position, either by resting it on the knee when sitting, or held in front of the player when standing.
Kirar	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Lyre from Ethopia, played acoustic in traditional styles, but also amplified.
Kobyz	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Kazakh: қобыз, Kyl-Kobyz) - An ancient Kazakh string instrument. It has two strings made of horsehair. The resonating cavity is usually covered with goat leather.
Kokle	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A type of Baltic psaltery (box zither) from Latvia.
Kokyu	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also kokyū) - A traditional Japanese string instrument, the only one played with a bow.
Konghou	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also shu-konghou: a Chinese harp with paired strings on opposite sides of the instrument to enable techniques such as vibrato and bending tones.
Kora	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A 21 string harp-lute used extensively by Mandingo peoples in West Africa.
Koto	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Traditional stringed musical instrument from Japan resembling a zither.
Krar	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	five or six-stringed bowl-shaped lyre from Ethiopia
Langeleik	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Langspil	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A traditional Icelandic drone zither with a single melody string and usually 2 drone strings.
Laouto	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A long-necked lute similar to the oud.
Lap Steel Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A type of steel guitar, an instrument derived from and similar to the guitar, in which the strings are raised at both the nut and bridge ends of the fingerboard, typically to about half an inch. This makes the frets unusable, and they may be replaced by markers on some guitars. The player changes pitch by pressing a metal or glass bar against the strings instead of by pressing strings against the fingerboard.
Laúd	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Laud) - Belongs to the cittern family of instruments. Although "laúd" translates as "lute" in Spanish, it is a different instrument than the lute. A plectrum plucked chordophone from Spain, it consists of twelve metallic strings (six double), as the bandurria, but the neck is longer than a bandurria. Traditionally it forms part of serenaders or folk string musical groups, together with the guitar and the bandurria.
Lavta	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Lead Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Lira	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Lira da Braccio	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Lirone	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Liuqin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also 柳琴; pinyin: liǔq­ín) is a four-stringed Chinese mandolin with a pear-shaped body. It is small in size, almost a miniature copy of another Chinese plucked instrument, the pipa. But the range of its voice is much higher than the pipa.
Lute	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Lute Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also German lute, lotar, lutar or gittar: an instrument common in Germany from around 1850 with a body like a lute and usually six strings, although there are variants with up to 11 strings.
Lyra Viol	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Lyra Viol – A small bass viol often used as a solo instrument.
Lyre	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity. The recitations of the Ancient Greeks were accompanied by lyre playing. The lyre is a member of the zither family, and was ordinarily played by strumming with a plectrum, like a guitar, rather than being plucked, like a harp.
Mandobass	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Mandocello	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(Mandoloncello, Liuto cantabile, Liuto moderno) - a plucked string instrument of the mandolin family. It has eight strings in four paired courses, tuned in 5ths like a mandolin, but is larger, and tuned CC-GG-dd-aa (low to high in pitch). It is to the mandolin what the cello is to the violin.
Mandoguitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A hybrid musical instrument that allows you to play mandolin music, sounding more or less like a mandolin, while playing the left-hand fingerings like a guitar. It has 6 single or double strings tuned to allow guitar-style fingerings and that it can be played in the tonal range of a standard mandolin.
Mandola	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also tenor mandola) A fretted stringed musical instrument with the same relationship to the mandolin as the viola to the violin.
Mandolin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Mandolin Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Mandolincello	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plucked string instrument of the mandolin family. It has eight strings in four paired courses, tuned in fifths like a mandolin, but is larger.
Marxophone	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A fretless zither played via a system of metal hammers.
Masinko	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Traditional Ethiopian instrument, one stringed, bowed lute.
Mohan Veena	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A name used for two distinct instruments used in Indian classical music. The most popular is a modified archtop Hawaiian guitar with between 19 and 21 strings in total that is played like a lap steel guitar. The other, older instrument is a hybrid of the instruments Sarod, Veena and Surbahar.
Monochord	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An ancient musical and scientific laboratory instrument. The word "monochord" comes from the Greek and means literally "one string." A misconception of the term lies within its name. Often a monochord has more than one string, most of the time two, one open string and a second string with a movable bridge. In a basic monochord, a single string is stretched over a sound box.
Morinhoor	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also spelt as Morinhuur, A Horse-headed Mongolian Cello.
Mountain Dulcimer	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also known as the Appalachian Dulcimer.
Musical Bow	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A simple string musical instrument consisting of a string supported by a flexible string bearer, usually made out of wood. Often, it is a normal archery bow used for music rather than as a weapon.
N'vike	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also novike, n'vique, nobike: an instrument native to the Toba people of the Gran Chaco of South America with a neck made from a pickaxe handle, a resonator made from a tin box and a single string played with a horsehair bow.
Ngoni	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Nigenkin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Japanese two-stringed plucked zither similar to the single-stringed ichigenkin.
Nyckelharpa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Keyed Fiddle) - A traditional Swedish musical instrument. It is a string instrument or chordophone. Its keys are attached to tangents which, when a key is depressed, serve as frets to change the pitch of the string.
Octave Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also baritone violin, octave fiddle: a standard-sized violin body, often with some modifications, tuned an octave lower than the standard violin range and commonly used in Nordic folk music. Do not confuse with the tenor violin, an earlier instrument with the same range but a larger body.
Octavina	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A guitar-shaped instrument with a tuning similar to the laúd, originally Spanish, now used mostly in the Philippines.
Open-Back Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Organistrum	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	The precursor to the hurdy-gurdy, invented in the 10th or 11th centuries and played by two individuals: one to turn the crank while the other operated the keys.
Orpharion	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Renaissance instrument in the cittern family, similar to the larger bandora.
Oud	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Small, pear-shaped, stringed musical instrument, used in traditional Middle Eastern music.
Outi	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A post-Baroque instrument similar to a lute
Panduri	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Pedal Harp	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also concert harp: a large, 47-string harp used in Western classical music among other forms.
Pedal Steel Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A type of electric guitar that uses a metal slide to stop the strings, rather than fingers on strings as with a conventional guitar. The pedal steel is placed horizontally on a stand, with the strings facing up towards the player, and is typically plucked with fingerpicks. The instrument's pedals are used to change the pitch of its strings while being played; the action of the pedals may either be fixed, or may be configurable by the player to select which strings are affected by the pedals. The pedal steel, with its smooth portamenti, bending chords and complex riffs, is one of the most recognizable and characteristic instruments of American country music.
Piccolo Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Piccolo Bass Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An adaptation of the electric bass guitar for higher tunings.
Pipa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also pípá) - A plucked Chinese string instrument. Sometimes called the Chinese lute, the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body.
Plectrum Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Portuguese Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Portuguese Guitarra, Guitarra Portuguesa) - a plucked string instrument with twelve steel strings, strung in six courses comprising two strings each. It is one of the few musical instruments to use Preston tuners.[clarification needed] It is most notably associated with fado.
Psalmodicon	No	Instruments	String instruments	(also Psalmodikon) - a single-stringed musical instrument. It was developed in Scandinavia for simplifying music in churches and schools.
Psaltery	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A stringed musical instrument of the harp or the zither family.
Rabab	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(not to be confused with Rebab) - The best known of all Afghan musical instruments. The rabab has a deep, waisted body, and the entire instrument is carved out of a single piece of mulberry wood. Its neck and upper body are hollow, covered with a thin piece of wood, and a membrane covers the lower body. It has three main playing strings tuned a fourth apart along with 12 to 15 wire sympathetic strings.
Rabeca	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Fiddle from northeastern Brazil and northern Portugal
Rabel	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also arrabel, robel, rovel. A a rustic folk-fiddle from Spain descended from the medieval rebec.
Rebab	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also (الرباب , رباب, rebap, rebeb, rababah, or al-rababa)(not to be confused with Rabab) - The rebab usually consists of a small, usually rounded body, the front of which is covered in a membrane such as parchment or sheepskin and has a long neck attached. There is a long thin neck with a pegbox at the end and there are one, two or three strings. There is no fingerboard. The instrument is held upright, either resting on the lap or on the floor. The bow is usually more curved than that of the violin. The rebab, though valued for its voice-like tone, has a very limited range (little over an octave), and was gradually replaced throughout much of the Arab world by the violin and kemenche.
Rebec	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(sometimes rebeck, and originally various other spellings) A bowed string musical instrument. In its most common form, it has three strings and is played on the arm or under the chin, like a violin. Dates back to the Middle Ages and was particularly popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. The instrument is European, but probably developed from the arabo-islamic instrument, the rebab.
Reikin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A metal-stringed koto
Requinto Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Has six nylon strings and is about 18% smaller than a standard guitar scale. Requintos made in Mexico have a deeper body than a standard classical guitar (110 mm as opposed to 105 mm). Requintos made in Spain tend to be of the same depth as the standard classical. Requinto guitars are also used throughout Latin America.
Resonator Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Resonator Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Dobro) - An acoustic guitar whose sound is produced by one or more metal cones (resonators) instead of the wooden soundboard (guitar top/face). Resonator guitars were originally designed to be louder than conventional acoustic guitars which were overwhelmed by horns and percussion instruments in dance orchestras. They became prized for their distinctive sound however, and found life with several musical styles (most notably bluegrass and also blues) well after electric amplification solved the issue of inadequate guitar sound levels.
Rhythm Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Ronroco	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A larger version of a Charango
Ruan	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Chinese moon shaped, short necked, lute type instrument family. Please use the brackets to give the type - Ruan [Gaoyin], Ruan [Da], Ruan [Zhong], Ruan [Ziao]
Rudra Veena	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also rudraveena, rudra vina, and called bīn in northern India: a large veena with two large resonators made from calabash gourds.
Sanshin	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	A three-stringed Okinawan musical instrument with a snakeskin-covered body, the precursor of the mainland Japanese shamisen.
Sanxian	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also 三弦) A Chinese lute — a three-stringed fretless plucked musical instrument. It has a long fingerboard, and the body is traditionally made from snakeskin stretched over a rounded rectangular resonator. It is made in several sizes for different purposes and in the late 20th century a four-stringed version was also developed.
Sapeh	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also sape', sampek, sambe', sapek: a traditional single-stringed lute carved from a single bole of wood, used by the Kenyah and Kayan people of East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia.
Sarangi	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A bowed string instrument of India
Sarod	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Indian classical musical instrument, a 25-stringed lute-like instrument
Sazbus	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Turkish stringed instrument
Selmer-Maccaferri Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Semi-Acoustic Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Hollow-Body Electric Guitar) - a type of electric guitar with both a sound box and one or more electric pickups. They evolved out of the full-bodied electric f hole archtop guitar. They do not provide enough acoustic volume to for live performance, but can be used "unplugged" for quiet practice.
Semistrunnaya Gitara	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(Семиструнная гитара) – A Russian seven-string acoustic guitar – "gypsy guitar", also known as semistrunka (семиструнка) – tuned to the open G tuning
Seperewa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Setar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A 4-stringed member of the tanbur family of long-necked lutes with a range of more than two and a half octaves, used in Persian traditional music and played with the index finger of the right hand.It resembles the tar both in tuning and playing style.
Shahi Baaja	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An electrified and slightly modified version of the Indian bulbul tarang, a type of Indian zither to which have been added typewriter keys which depress several of the strings to change their pitch. The modifications also include the addition of 12 additional unfretted strings which serve as an attached swarmandal (drone harp).
Shamisen	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Sintir	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Three stringed bass lute from the Sub-Saharian West African region.
Sitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Slide Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Spinet	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A smaller type of harpsichord, or other keyboard instrument such as a piano or organ. A spinet is a cheaper and more compact version of the full-size original, used primarily in the home.
Steel Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Refers to at least three types of horizontally played guitar: pedal steel guitar, console (or table) steel guitar, and lap steel guitar. For the first two, please use the credit roles Pedal Steel Guitar or Lap Steel Guitar as appropriate. For the third, type of electric steel guitar intermediate between the lap steel guitar and the pedal steel guitar, please enter "Steel Guitar [Console]" or "Steel Guitar [Table]" Please also use this role if the type of steel guitar is not specified on this release.
Strings	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Generic credit for stringed instruments
Stroh Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also violinophone or horn-violin) A violin that amplifies its sound through a metal resonator and metal horns rather than a wooden sound box as on a standard violin. The instrument is named after its German designer, Johannes Matthias Augustus Stroh.
Strumstick	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A stringed instrument that uses a diatonic scale fretting (the notes of a major scale). The strings are tuned in a drone relationship (octaves and fifth).
Surbahar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music of North India. It is related to the better-known sitar but has a lower tone.
Svara Mandala	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A rare kind of harp used in Indian classical music.
Swarmandel	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also spelt Swarmandal and also credited as Indian harp, this is an Indian stringed instrument. The Indian harp is used in many traditional Hindu and Muslim rituals, and is a traditional instrument.
Sympitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A modern form of guitar combining functional aspects of the guitar and the Indian sitar. This instrument has a unique feature: there is a graphite channel which guides a series of "sympathetic" resonating strings through the neck from the bridge up to the headstock. These strings vibrate or resonate against a "jiwari" bridge, which produces the sustaining drone typically associated with Indian music.
SynthAxe	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A fretted, guitar-like MIDI controller, created in 1986 by Bill Aitken and manufactured in England in the middle to late 1980s.
Taishōgoto	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Talharpa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A four-stringed bowed lyre from northern Europe
Tambura	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also called Tanpura, Tamboura. Found in various models in Bulgaria, Croatia, and India.
Tamburitza	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Balkan stringed instrument similar to a mandolin in shape and sound. Variants include samica (three double strings), bisernica (two double strings and two single strings; four tones), prim (one double string and three single strings; four tones), bas-prim or brac (instrument) (two double strings and two single strings; four tones), celovic (two double strings and two single strings; four tones), celo (four strings), bas or berda (four strings), and the bugarija or kontra (one double string and three single strings; four tones).
Tapboard	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A guitar-based instrument which uses parts of a shower hose and an egg timer
Tar (lute)	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A long-necked, waisted lute found in Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia and other areas near the Caucasus region.
Tarawangsa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A traditional Sundanese instrument from West Java, Indonesia, with two metal strings.
Tea Chest Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A simple upright bass using a tea chest as a resonator, usually with a single string.
Tenor Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Tenor Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Tenor Viol	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Tenor Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An instrument of the 17th and 18th centuries, with a body slightly larger than a modern viola and tuned an octave lower than the standard violin range. Do not confuse with the baritone violin, a modern instrument with the same range but a body similar to that of a violin.
Theorbo	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A lute with an extended neck and a second peg-box, on which low-range bass strings were strung. It was a main continuo instrument in early Baroque music. A variant is the French théorbe des pièces.
Timple	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Traditional 5-string plucked string instrument of the Canary Islands
Tiple	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A small chordophone of the guitar family
Tipple	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Small ten-stringed instrument
Tololoche	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	The tololoche is a traditional musical instrument from southern Mexico. Its name comes from "tolo loch", from the Mayan language: tolo (bull) and loch (embraced), which would later become tololoche. It is similar to but smaller than the European double bass, and still large enough to produce low-pitched sounds. It has three[1] or four strings, and is plucked with the fingers (pizzicato). It is purely a folk instrument, and not used in classical music.
Tonkori	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plucked string instrument played by the Ainu people of Hokkaido, northern Japan and Sakhalin. It is unfretted and has between three and five strings which are not stopped but instead played "open."
Torban	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Ukrainian musical instrument that combines the features of the Baroque lute with those of the psaltery. It differs from the theorbo by having additional short unfretted treble strings (known as prystrunky) strung along the treble side of the soundboard.
Tovshuur	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also topshur: a two- or three-stringed lute from Western Mongolia.
Treble Viol	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Tres	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Tromba Marina	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Tumbi	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also toombi, tumba, toomba: a high-pitched, single-string instrument from Punjab made of a wooden stick attached to a gourd shell. The single metallic string is plucked with a continuous flicking motion.
Twelve-String Guitar	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Tzouras	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Greek instrument. Also known as Dzoura, Dzurato
Ukulele	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Ukelele, also abbreviated as uke.) A Hawaiian interpretation of small Portuguese guitar-like instruments. Ukuleles come in four sizes; Soprano, Concert, Tenor, and Baritone.
Ukulele Banjo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Ütőgardon	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	(also Gardon) - a folk musical instrument originating in Transylvania and played by the Székelys and Csángós, a Hungarian ethnic group in Transylvania, with a violin playing a melody. It is similar in appearance to a cello, but it is played percussively. It can have three or four strings, usually tuned to D and d, and is played with a stick instead of a bow, providing a droning accompaniment.
Valiha	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A bamboo tube zither from Madagascar. It is played by plucking the strings, which may be made of metal or (originally) the bamboo skin which is pried up in long strands and propped up by small bridges.
Veena	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A plucked stringed instrument used in Indian classical music from Southern India
Vielle	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A European bowed stringed instrument used in the Medieval period, similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body, five (rather than four) gut strings, and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs.
Vihuela	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	A name given to two different guitar-like string instruments: one from 15th and 16th century Spain, usually with 12 paired strings, and the other, the Mexican vihuela, from 20th century Mexico with five strings and typically played in Mariachi bands.
Viol	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	The viol (also called viola da gamba) is any one of a family of bowed, fretted stringed musical instruments developed in the 1400s and used primarily in the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Viola	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Viola Braguesa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A stringed instrument similar to a guitar from Braga, north-western Portugal, with 10 paired steel strings.
Viola Caipira	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	Brazilian ten-string guitar with five courses of strings arranged in pairs.
Viola d'Amore	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A 7- or 6-stringed musical instrument with sympathetic strings used chiefly in the baroque period. It is played under the chin in the same manner as the violin.
Viola da Gamba	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Viola da Terra	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A guitar-like instrument from the Azores, with either 12 strings in six courses or 15 strings in five courses, associated with the saudade genre of Portuguese music.
Viola de Cocho	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	5-string lute-like viola played in Pantanal region, frontier with Paraguay.
Viola Kontra	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A three-stringed viola used in Hungarian, Czech, Polish, Romanian, Slovak and Romani dance music. It has a flattened bridge and is used to play chords rather than single notes.
Viola Nordestina	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments	10-string acoustic guitar with vents that kind of make it sound like a dobro. Very common in the Northeastern part of Brazil for regional music.
Viola Pomposa	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also violino pomposo: a five-stringed instrument slightly larger than a viola, developed around 1725.
Violão de sete cordas	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A Brazilian seven-string acoustic guitar used primarily in choro and samba. It is typically tuned like a classical guitar but with an additional C-string below the low E.
Violin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Violino Piccolo	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Violoncello	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Violone	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Instrument belonging to both the viol and violin families with many variations.
Washtub Bass	No	Instruments	Stringed Instruments
Xalam	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also spelled khalam, also called bappe, diassare, hoddu, koliko, komsa, kontigi, koni, konting, molo, ndere, ngoni, and tidinit. a simple lute with one to five strings. The wooden body (soundbox) of the instrument is oval-shaped and covered with the hide of cattle. The strings of the xalam are typically made of two or three tightly wound strands of low-gauge nylon fishing line; these strings are fixed to the instrument's wooden neck by long and narrow leather strips and to its wooden bridge by cotton strings. By moving these strips, the instrument's tune can be adjusted. The xalam usually has two main melody strings that are fingered by the left hand (like the strings of a guitar or banjo) and two to three supplementary strings of fixed pitch.
Yang T'Chin	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	No information available.
Yanggeum	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	A traditional Korean string instrument
Yangqin	No	instruments	Stringed instruments	(also 扬琴, 揚琴, yángqín) A Chinese hammered dulcimer originally from Central Asia (Persia (modern-day Iran)).
Zeze	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	Also tzetze or dzendze in mainland Africa, and lokanga voatavo in Madagascar. An instrument with 3 wire strings, that can be plucked or bowed. The instrument's body is a gourd attached to a stick with three frets carved into it.
Zither	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments
Zongora	No	Instruments	Stringed instruments	An instrument typical of Maramureş, a region of Romania. It is similar to a guitar, but has fewer strings. In the past it had two strings, but nowadays it has four or even five.
Accordina	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also chromatic button melodica: an instrument, usually made of metal, with the same mechanism and reeds as a melodica but with a keyboard similar to that of a chromatic button accordion.
Accordion	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Algoza	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also: Jorhi, Ngoza) a Punjabi woodwind instrument adopted by Sindhi folk musicians.
Alphorn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also called alpenhorn, a wind instrument consisting of a natural wooden horn of conical bore, having a cup-shaped mouthpiece.
Alto Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Alto Flute	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Alto Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also: Tenor horn, Althorn, E♭ horn)
Alto Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Alto Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Alto Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Apito	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A whistle from Brazil. Unlike the European variety the Apito has two openings at the sides and can thus make three different pitches.
Bagpipes	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bandoneon	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A free-reed instrument particularly popular in Argentina
Bansuri	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An Indian side-blown flute made of bamboo or reed with six or seven holes
Baritone Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Baritone Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Baritone Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Barrel Organ	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A mechanical musical instrument consisting of bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated. The basic principle is the same as a traditional pipe organ, but rather than being played by an organist, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. The pieces of music are encoded onto wooden barrels (or cylinders), which are analogous to the keyboard of the traditional pipe organ.
Bass Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bass Flute	No	Instruments	Winged Instruments
Bass Harmonica	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bass Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bass Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bass Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bass Trumpet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bass Tuba	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Basset Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Similar to the soprano clarinet with an extended low range, best known for Mozart's compositions for the instrument. It is typically tuned to A, unlike the similarly named basset horn, which is tuned to a lower pitch (typically F).
Basset Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also basset-horn) A member of the clarinet family. A wind instrument with a single reed and a cylindrical bore. However, the basset horn is larger and has a bend near the mouthpiece rather than an entirely straight body
Bassoon	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bawu	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bayan	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A type of chromatic button accordion developed in Russia in the early 20th century and named after the bard, Boyan. It differs from western chromatic button accordions
Bellowphone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	http://www.bellowphone.com/
Beresta	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Russian Silver Birch Bark Bird Whistle
Blues Harp	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also called a richter tuned harmonica or 10-hole harmonica (in Asia), is the most widely known type of harmonica. In the United States and Europe, it is called a diatonic harmonica. It has ten holes which offer the player 19 notes (10 holes times a draw and a blow for each hole minus one repeated note) in a three octave range.
Bolivian Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Bombarde	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A folk musical instrument from Brittany and Cornwall that is a cross between an oboe and a conical-bored pipe chanter
Border Pipes	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also Lowland pipes, reel pipes, half-long pipes: a bagpipe from the Anglo-Scottish Borders region.
Brass	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Brass Bass	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An older term for Bass Tuba which appears on early 20th century records.
Bucium	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also trâmbiţă or tulnic) is a type of alphorn used by mountain dwellers in Romania.
Bugle	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
C Melody Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A saxophone pitched in the key of C, between the alto and tenor. It was popular in the early 1900s but became less common after the 1930s.
Caramusa	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A bagpipe from Corsica made of wood, leather and reed.
Carnyx	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A bronze trumpet of the Iron Age Celts with an elongated S shape, held so that the long straight tube was vertical and the bell, shaped like an animal's head, was horizontal.
Chalumeau	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A woodwind instrument of the late baroque and early classical era, in appearance rather like a recorder, but with a mouthpiece like a clarinet's.
Chanter	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Charamel	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Chirimia	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Predecessor of oboe, used in medieval Europe and in colonial Spanish America.
Clarín Cajamarquino	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also qewayllo, kepa or shukcha. A Peruvian wind instrument made from a single thick reed 3 to 4 metres long, with a bell made from a gourd.
Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Clarion	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also: claro) A type of cylindrical brass instrument dating from the 11th to 14th centuries. It is the ancestor to the trumpet and was used by cavalries in camp and as a signal during war.
Claviola	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Similar to a melodica, but worn like an accordion, the claviola has a set of piano keys on the right side that range 2 1/2 octaves. The left side is a set of pipes that range in length depending on the corresponding pitch.
Comb	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A simple combination of a comb and wax paper to form a kazoo like instrument
Concert Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Western Concert Flute, Transverse Flute, Flute Traversière) - A side-blown woodwind instrument made of metal or wood. It is the most common variant of the flute.
Concertina	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A member of the free-reed family of instruments. Concertinas typically have buttons on both ends and are distinguished from an accordion (piano or button) by the direction of their button travel when pushed. Concertina buttons travel in the same direction as the bellows
Conch	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Contra-Alto Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Contrabass Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Contrabass Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Contrabass Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Contrabass Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	The lowest instrument in the trombone family of brass instruments.
Contrabassoon	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	The contrabassoon, also contrafagotto or double bassoon, is a larger version of the bassoon sounding an octave lower.
Cor Anglais	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also known as English Horn
Cornet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Cornett	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An early wind instrument, dating from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods. It is not to be confused with the trumpet-like instrument cornet.
Cromorne	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	French woodwind reed instrument used in the early Baroque period in French court music.
Crumhorn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A musical instrument of the woodwind family, a capped reed instrument. A double reed is mounted inside a windcap at one end of a long pipe. Blowing into the windcap produces a musical note. The pitch of the note can be varied by opening or closing finger holes along the length of the pipe.
Daegeum	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also spelled taegum or taegŭm) is a large bamboo transverse flute used in traditional Korean music. It has a buzzing membrane that gives it a special timbre.
Danso	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A Korean notched, end-blown vertical bamboo flute used in Korean folk music.
Didgeridoo	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also spelt Didjeridu
Dili Tuiduk	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	also( дилли туйдук, dilli düdük, dilli tuyduk , dili tüidük, dilli tüidük) is a Turkmen woodwind instrument. It is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in Turkmen folk music.
Dizi	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also dízi di 笛, hengdi 橫笛, has varieties including the qudi 曲笛 and bangdi 梆笛), is a Chinese transverse flute, it is a major Chinese musical instrument, and is widely used in many genres of Chinese folk music, as well as Chinese opera, and the modern Chinese orchestra.
Drone	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Duduk	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A traditional woodwind instrument of Armenian origins.[1][2] This English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the doudouk or duduk (դուդուկ) (previously dziranapogh (ծիրանափող, literally "apricot horn") in Armenia, the düdük or mey in Turkey, the duduki in Georgia, the balaban in Azerbaijan, the narmeh-ney in Iran, the duduka or dudka in Russia and Ukraine, duduk in Serbia, and the daduk in Bulgaria.
Dulcian	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Predecessor of bassoon (actually called "bajón" in Spanish).
Dulzaina	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Spanish wind instrument (not to be confused with *dulcian*), somewhat similar to Chirimia.
Dvojačka	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also dvojačky, dvojanka, dvojacka. A double-core flute traditional to Slovakia, that combines a 6-hole shepherd's flute with an overtone flute.
Electronic Valve Instrument	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also EVI) - A controller intended to be played by brass instrumentalists.
Electronic Wind Instrument	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also EWI) - A combination of a controller and synthesizer that lets wind musicians (for example saxophonists) play electronic synthesizers using their breath and fingering technique.
English Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also known as Cor Anglais
Euphonium	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A conical-bore, tenor-voiced brass instrument.
Fife	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A small, high-pitched, transverse flute that is similar to the piccolo, but louder and shriller due to its narrower bore. The fife originated in medieval Europe and is often used in military and marching bands. Someone who plays the fife is called a fifer. The word fife comes from the German Pfeife, or pipe, ultimately derived from the Latin word pipare.
Flageolet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A woodwind instrument and a member of the fipple flute family
Flugabone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A mix of trombone and flugelhorn
Flugelhorn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Fluier	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A Romanian 6 hole pipe similar to a tin whistle, but made out of wood.
Flumpet	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Flute D'Amour	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Free-reed Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A single tube with finger-holes and a mouthpiece with a metal free reed, found in many forms throughout south-east Asia.
French Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Friscaletto	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Fujara	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Gaita	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A family of bagpipes from various regions of Spain and Portugal. Examples include the Asturian gaita, the Galician gaita, the Portuguese gaita transmontana, the Aragonese gaita de boto.
Galoubet	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Garklein Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	also known as the sopranissimo recorder or piccolo recorder.
Gemshorn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An instrument of the ocarina family that was historically made from the horn of a chamois, goat, or other suitable animal.
Gralla	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also grall de pastor, xaramita or xirimita. A traditional Catalan double-reed instrument in the shawm family.
Gudastviri	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	droneless, double-chantered, horn-belled bagpipe played in Georgia. Also known as the chiboni, stviri, or tulumi.
Harmet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Finnish flute
Harmonica	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A free reed wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes (reed chambers) or multiple holes. The pressure caused by blowing or drawing air into the reed chambers causes a reed or multiple reeds to vibrate up and down creating sound. Each chamber has multiple, variable-tuned brass or bronze reeds which are secured at one end and loose on the other end, with the loose end vibrating and creating sound. The harmonica is used in blues and American folk music, jazz, classical music, country music, rock and roll, and pop music. The harmonica has other nicknames, especially in blues music, including: "harp," "blues harp," and "mouth organ."
Heckelphone	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A double reed instrument of the oboe family, but with a wider bore and hence a heavier and more penetrating tone. It is pitched an octave below the oboe. Approximately four feet in length, and is quite heavy, it rests on the floor, supported by a short metal peg attached to the underside of its bulbous bell. (An alternate second bell, called a "muting" bell, is also available, which serves to muffle the instrument for playing in a small ensemble.)
Helicon	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Tuba-like brass instrument. Predecessor to the sousaphone, which was an improved version with a different shape.
Hichiriki	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	篳篥 (Japanese flute)
Highland Pipes	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Hojok	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Horagai	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Horagai (also 法螺貝. jinkai, 陣貝) - Large conch shells that have been used as a trumpets in Japan for many centuries. The instrument, which has served a number of purposes throughout Japanese history, has been given a number of Japanese names depending on its function. Special schools still teach students to play the traditional music associated with the conch.
Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Please use French Horn, Alphorn, Cor Anglais, Crumhorn, English Horn, and Flugelhorn if these are specifically used.
Horns	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Hotchiku	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A Japanese flute, manufactured solely from bamboo. Reminiscent of the Shakuhachi flute, but is larger and has a more brittle tone.
Hulusi	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also huluxi, pi lamtao, pi namtao: a Chinese free-reed instrument made from three bamboo pipes passing through a Calabash gourd.
Hunting Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Irish Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A conical-bore, simple-system wooden flute adapted from the type favoured by classical flautists of the early 19th century and used in Irish and other Celtic traditional music.
Jug	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A jug (usually made of glass or stoneware) played with the mouth. With an embouchure like that used for a brass instrument, the musician holds the mouth of the jug about an inch from his or her mouth and emits a blast of sound, made by a "buzzing" of the lips, directly into it. The jug does not touch the musician's mouth, but serves as a resonating chamber to amplify and enrich the sound made by the musician's lips. Changes in pitch are controlled by loosening or tightening the lips, and an accomplished jugplayer might have a two octave range.
Kagurabue	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	神楽笛 (Japanese side-blown flute)
Kaval	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A chromatic end-blown flute traditionally played throughout Azerbaijan, Turkey, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo / Serbia (Kavall), northern Greece (Kavali or Dzhamara), southern Romania (Caval), Armenia (Բլուլ or Blul) and Kurdistan (Blul).
Kazoo	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A simple musical instrument (membranophone) that adds a "buzzing" timbral quality to a player's voice when one hums into it.
Khene	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A mouth-organ whose pipes are connected with a small, hollowed-out wooden reservoir into which air is blown. Associated with the Lao of Laos and Northeast Thailand, similar instruments date back to the bronze age of Southeast Asia.
Kortholt	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Renaissance period woodwind instrument
Launeddas	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A very ancient woodwind instrument from Sardinia, Italy. Consists of three pipes of different length, played with circular respiration.
Limbe	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A Mongolian end-blown flute
Liru	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A traditional clarinet-like instrument from Karelia. Manufactured from aspen or alder trees, length varies from 25 to 50 centimeters.
Low Whistle	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also concert whistle) A variation of the traditional tin whistle / pennywhistle, distinguished by its lower pitch and larger size.
Lur	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	The more recent type is made of wood and was in use in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages. The older type, named after the more recent type, is made of bronze, dates to the Bronze Age and was often found in pairs, deposited in bogs, mainly in Denmark.
Lyricon	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An electronic wind instrument. It enabled instrumentalists to control a synthesizer by playing a type of electronic saxophone, the synthesizer being contained in a fur-lined plastic case.
Mänkeri	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A traditional clarinet-like instrument from Western Finland. Manufactured from pinewood, length varies from 10 to 30 centimeters.
Mellophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	The mellophone is a brass instrument that is typically used in place of the horn in marching bands or drum and bugle corps.
Melodeon	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also diatonic button accordion) - A type of button accordion where the melody-side keyboard is limited to the notes of diatonic scales in a small number of keys (sometimes only one). The bass side usually contains the principal chords of the instrument's key and the root notes of those chords.
Mey	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	Double-reed aerophone used in Turkish folk music
Mizmar	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	In Arabic music, a mizmar is any single or double reed wind instrument. In Egypt mizmar usually refers to a surnay. Mizmar is also a term used for a group of musicians, usually a duo or trio, that play a mizmar instrument along with an accompaniment of one or two double-sided bass drums.
Mizwad	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(Also: mezoued, mizwid, مِزْود, مَزاود, mazāwid) a type of bagpipes played in Tunisia
Moceño	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Moxeño, Mozeño) - a flute used by the people in the Andes. It's played like a travers flute but the mouth is not directly on the flute. The mouth is a separate piece that goes to the left, as the flute itself goes to the right.
Mouth Organ	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	Relative to the Harmonica / Melodica
Murli	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Murli – Also pungi, murala, been: An aerophonic double reed Instrument made of bamboo pipe and gourd shell. It is the instrument that was used in snake-charming.
Musette	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Oboe Musette) - the smallest member of the shawm family. Shawms were the renaissance/early baroque version of the oboe. [not a Musette de Cour - use the credit "Bagpipes"].
Nadaswaram	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	(also nadhaswaram, nagaswaram) Classical instruments of South India, a wind instrument similar to the North Indian shehnai but larger, with a hardwood body and a large flaring bell made of wood or metal.
Ney	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Nay) - End-blown flute that figures prominently in Middle Eastern music
Northumbrian Pipes	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Nose Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A popular musical instrument played in Polynesia and the Pacific Rim countries. Other versions are found in Africa, China and India.
Oboe	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Oboe d'Amore	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A woodwind instrument. It is a member of the double reed family, very similar to the oboe. Slightly larger than the oboe, it has a less assertive and more tranquil and serene tone, and is considered the mezzo-soprano or alto of the oboe family.
Oboe Da Caccia	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Ocarina	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	Sometimes called the sweet potato, an ancient flute-like wind instrument. It usually is made up of an oval-shaped enclosed space and four to thirteen finger holes, though there are some variations on the standard design.
Ophicleide	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A family of conical bore, brass keyed bugles, and an early ancestor of the saxophone.
Overtone Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Panpipes	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also called Bolivian Pipes
Piano Accordion	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An accordion equipped with a right-hand keyboard similar to a piano or organ.
Piccolo Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Piccolo Trumpet	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Pifana	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A type of gemshorn from Corsica, usually made from goat horn.
Pipe	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A wide range of instruments used especially in folk music. There are many specific types of pipes known, just to name Piszczałka (Poland), Fujara (Slovakia), Fluieraş (Romania), Zhaleika (Russia).
Piri	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A cylindrical oboe with a bamboo body.
Pirula	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A reed recorder from Corsica.
Pito	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A wooden flute used in the Andes. The mouth and the body are made of one piece. The sound of it is sharp and high.
Pito Herreño	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A small metal whistle/flute typical of El Hierro in the Canary Islands.
Pixiephone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A children's toy sold in the UK in the 1960s and 1970s, similar to the Melodica.
Pommer	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also bombard, hautbois, bombardo, bombardone: the alto, tenor, bass, and contrabass members of the shawm family. Do not confuse with the Breton bombarde.
Quena	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Kena, Qina) - traditional flute of the Andes. Usually made of bamboo, it has 6 finger holes and one thumb hole and is open on both ends. To produce sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between his chin and lower lip, and blows a stream of air downward, along the axis of the pipe, over an elliptical notch cut into the end. It is normally in the key of G, with G being the lowest note (all holes covered). It produces a very breathy or airy tone.
Quenacho	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Kenacho) South American (Andean) flute, a greater, lower-toned version of the quena.
Quray	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Rackett	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also cervelas or sausage bassoon: a Renaissance-era double-reed wind instrument, introduced late in the sixteenth century.
Rauschpfeife	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A wooden double-reed instrument with the reed enclosed in a windcap
Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes, blockflutes or internal duct flutes. The recorder is end-blown and the mouth of the instrument is constricted by a wooden plug, known as a block or fipple.
Reeds	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	For the general crediting of reed instruments.
Rhaita	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Ghaita) - A reed instrument from Northern Africa
Rondador	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A set of chorded bamboo panpipes that produces two tones simultaneously. It consists of pieces of cane, placed side by side in order by size and closed at one end, and is played by blowing across the top of the instrument. The rondador is considered the national instrument of Ecuador.
Rozhok	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also vladimirskiy rozhok,Rojok, Владимирский Рожок) An ancient Russian musical instrument made of wood. A rozhok is a conical straight tube with the five playing holes on the top of it and one - below. At the low end is a small bell at the top the pasted in mouthpiece. The total length of a rozhok ranges from 320 to 830 mm. A mouthpiece is cut in the form of a small cap and the lower end of the tube is in the form of a conic bell.
Ryuteki	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(龍笛, literally "dragon flute") is a Japanese transverse fue made of bamboo. It is used in gagaku, the Shinto classical music associated with Japan's imperial court.
Sackbut	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Predecessor of trombone used in Renaissance and Baroqque times, it has a softer sound.
Saenghwang	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also saeng: a Korean mouth-blown free-reed instrument consisting of 17 bamboo pipes. It is similar to the Chinese sheng, but with different tuning.
Salamuri	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Sampona	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Sampoña, Zampoña, or Siku), an Andean pan flute.
Sarrusophone	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A family of transposing musical instruments, its intended use was to serve as a replacement for the oboe and bassoon.
Saxello	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Essentially a straight soprano sax, but with a slightly curved neck and tipped bell.
Saxhorn	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Schwyzerörgeli	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A type of accordion used in Swiss folk music
Serpent	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A bass wind instrument, descended from the cornett, and a distant ancestor of the tuba, with a mouthpiece like a brass instrument but side holes like a woodwind. It is usually a long cone bent into a snakelike shape, hence the name.
Shakuhachi	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Japanese bamboo flute
Shanai	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Shehnai, Shenai) - a tube-like instrument that gradually widens towards the lower end. It usually has between six and nine holes. It employs two sets of double reeds, making it a quadruple reed woodwind. By controlling the breath, various tunes can be played on it.
Shawm	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also possably Bass-Shalm ?) A medieval and Renaissance musical instrument of the woodwind family made in Europe from the late 13th century until the 17th century. It was developed from the oriental zurna and is the predecessor of the modern oboe.
Shenai	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Indian reed instrument
Sheng	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A mouth-blown free reed instrument (the first) consisting essentially of vertical pipes.
Shinobue	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A Japanese flute, very important in Noh and Kabuki theatre, as well as in shinto and folk music.
Sho	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Shofar	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An ancient instrument typically made of a ram's horn, used in Jewish religious ceremonies.
Shruti Box	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A small wooden instrument that traditionally works on a system of bellows. It is similar to a harmonium and is used to provide a drone in a practice session or concert of Indian classical music. It is used as an accompaniment to other instruments and notably the flute.
Slide Whistle	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also: swanee, swannee whistle, piston flute, jazz flute)
Smallpipes	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Sodina	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Relative of flute
Sopilka	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also; Cопiлка, Сопел) A name applied to a variety of woodwind instruments of the flute family used by Ukrainian folk instrumentalists.
Sopranino Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Sopranino Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Sopranissimo Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also piccolo saxophone, soprillo saxophone.
Soprano Clarinet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Soprano Cornet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Soprano Flute	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Soprano Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	also known as the descant recorder.
Soprano Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Soprano Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Souna	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A Chinese a double reed instrument.
Sousaphone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A type of tuba that is widely employed in marching bands. Designed so that it fits around the body of the tubist and is supported by the left shoulder, the sousaphone may be readily played while being carried.
Steirische Harmonika	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A type of diatonic button accordion used in the alpine folk music of Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bavaria and the Tyrol.
Subcontrabass Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Suling	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An Indonesian/Philippine flute made out of bamboo used in gamelan ensembles.
Suona	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Dida, Laba) - An ancient double-reed wind instrument. It was introduced into China from Persia and Arabia during the Ming dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644). The mouthpiece of suona is made of two small and thin pieces of reeds. The middle section is a metal bell. Its tone is sonorous and penetrating. The instrument is famous for its capacity to depict joyous and vigorous moods. Its role at first was to inspire the army of the Ming dynasty. Gradually it came to be commonly used in wedding and funeral ceremonies, orchestral, and theatrical music.
Taepyungso	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	A conical oboe with a wooden body and metal bell.
Tambin	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also sereendu, fulannu or Fulani flute: a diagonal diatonic flute of the West African Fula people with three finger-holes similar in sound to the ney.
Tarka	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	An indigenous wooden blockflute of the Andes with 6 finger-holes.
Tárogató	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A single reed instrument. It is made out of wood and has a conical bore, similar to the soprano saxophone.
Tenor Flute	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Tenor Horn	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Tenor Recorder	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Tenor Saxophone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Tenor Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Ti-tse	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Ti) - A traditional Chinese bamboo flute.
Tin Whistle	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also called the tinwhistle, whistle, pennywhistle, or Irish whistle, is a simple six-holed woodwind instrument.
Tonette	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Traverso	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Predecessor of the concert flute, mostly made in wood (or ivory for luxury versions) instead of metal. It doesn't have keys/valves, just holes. Also has a conical bore instead of the mostly straight bore of the concert flute.
Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Trumpet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Trutruka	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A coiled trumpet made of bamboo, used by the Mapuche of Chile and Argentina.
Tsuur	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also choor or chuur: a Mongolian end-blown flute without a mouthpiece, usually made from light wood.
Tuba	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Txirula	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Txistu	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Uilleann Pipes	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Valve Trombone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also trumbone, trombonium.
Valve Trumpet	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Wagner Tuba	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	Brass instrument that combines tonal elements of both the French horn and the trombone.
Washint	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	Also Washnt: an end-blown wooden flute from Ethiopia.
Whistle	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Whistling Water Jar	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	An ancient instrument, usually made from pottery, containing water that changes and / or produces the sound.
Wind	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	To be used for general wind instruments, when a specific instrument is not specified. Also see Brass and Woodwind for more specific generalisations!
Woodwind	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments
Xiao	No	Instruments	Wind Instruments	Chinese bamboo flute
Yokobue	No	Instruments	Wind instruments
Yorgaphone	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	A reed instrument from Romania
Zhaleika	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also Jaleika) A Russian single-reed woodwind instrument
Zukra	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	a Libyan bagpipe with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.
Zurna	No	Instruments	Wind instruments	(also surnay, birbynė, lettish horn, surla, sornai, zournas, zurma) is an multinational outdoor wind instrument, usually accompanied by a davul (bass drum) in Anatolian folk music.
Automatic Orchestra	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Computer	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Drum Machine	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Effects	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Electronics	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	The general manipulation of electronic instruments and effects
Groovebox	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	A self-contained instrument for the production of live, loop-based electronic music. A groovebox consists of three integrated elements; one or more sound sources, such as a drum machine, a synthesizer or a sampler; a music sequencer; and a control surface.
Loops	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
MIDI Controller	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	The most common MIDI Controller is the standard keyboard, but MIDI notes can be triggered from almost any imaginable device; electronic drums, wind controllers, breaking light beams etc.
Noises	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Sampler	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Scratches	Yes	Instruments	Technical Musical
Sequencer	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	An electronic device that can be programmed to store sequences of rhythms or music.
Software Instrument	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Talkbox	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	(also Talk Box, Voice Box) A musical sound effects device that allows a musician to modify the sound of a musical instrument. The musician controls the modification by changing the shape of their mouth. Usually an effects pedal that sits on the floor and contains a speaker attached with an air tight connection to a plastic tube
Tannerin	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Tape	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Theremin	No	Instruments	Technical Musical
Turntables	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	Also called decks, phonograph, record player, or gramophone
Vocoder	No	Instruments	Technical Musical	A speech analyzer and synthesizer. A vocoder has two inputs, and combines them such that, for example, a synthesized tone input is filtered to follow the spectral profile of the voice input. Other input combinations can be used for different results.
Accompanied By	No	Instruments	Other musical	Generic credit for backing musicians. Specific roles should be used instead if known.
Audio Generator	No	Instruments	Other muscial	An unspecified instrument, presumed to be an electronic device such as a test signal generator.
Backing Band	No	Instruments	Other musical	Used to credit the whole band, common on reggae releases.
Band	No	Instruments	Other musical
Bass	No	Instruments	Other musical	Generic credit for the playing of a bass instrument or generating bass sounds. Please use a more specific credit where possible, such as Electric Bass for the standard bass guitar, Double Bass or Contrabass for the upright acoustic instrument, Acoustic Bass for the bass version of the acoustic guitar, Electric Upright Bass for the electrified double bass, and Arco Bass, Bass Vocals, Bass Drum, Guitarrón, Bass Clarinet, Bass Harmonica, Bass Saxophone for their specific instruments.
Basso Continuo	No	Instruments	Other musical	Common in music from the Baroque era, this is an improvised bass line and chord progression played by a group of instruments to provide the harmonic structure in an orchestral piece.
Brass Band	No	Instruments	Other musical
Bullroarer	No	Instruments	Other Musical	A longish piece of cord fixed to an oval piece of wood or other suitable material which usually is thicker in the center, and sharpish at the edges.
Concert Band	No	Instruments	Other Musical	A concert band, also called wind band, symphonic band, symphonic winds, wind orchestra, wind symphony, wind ensemble, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of several members of the woodwind instrument family, brass instrument family, and percussion instrument family.
Concertino	No	Instruments	Other musical	A soloist who is part of a group of soloists within an ensemble (as opposed to a soloist who plays with an ensemble).
Devil's Fiddle	No	Instruments	Other musical	Also devil's violin, bladder fiddle, stamp fiddle, bumbass, Teufelsgeige, Bettelgeige, basse de Flandre, Diabelskie skrzypce: a folk instrument used in carnival processions, consisting of a long stick with various objects attached to make different noises. Originally this was a simple fiddle with one or more strings stretched over a pig's-bladder resonator. More recently, however, the bladder has been replaced with percussion instruments such as tambourine, cymbals, bells, played both by stamping the instrument against the ground and by tapping it with a smaller stick.
E-Bow	No	Instruments	Other musical	This is not an instrument in its own right, as it does not make any sound on its own. It is a battery-powered hand-held electronic device, which effectively gives a performer another method for playing any stringed instrument. As it uses a magnetic field, it only works on steel strings, so is usually only credited for steel-stringed instruments.
Ensemble	No	Instruments	Other Musical	A musical ensemble is a group of two or more musicians who perform instrumental or vocal music. In each musical style or genre, different norms have developed for the sizes and composition of different ensembles, and for the repertoire of songs or musical works that these ensembles perform. Can be expanded on with brackets, for example "Ensemble [Quartet]"
Gamelan	No	Instruments	Other musical	A musical ensemble from Indonesia, typically from the islands of Bali or Java, featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Vocalists may also be included.
Gizmotron	No	Instruments	Other Musical	A mechanical bowing device for guitars and bass
Glass Harmonica	No	Instruments	Other Musical	A mechanized version of the glass harp, invented by Benjamin Franklin, in which a series of glass bowls or discs of different sizes held on a spindle are rubbed to create different notes.
Glass Harp	No	Instruments	Other musical	Also musical glasses, singing glasses: a set of upright wine glasses tuned to different pitches, usually by placing different amounts of water into them, which is played either by rubbing fingers over the rims or by using a bow.
Guest	No	Instruments	Other musical	A musician or vocalist that is a non-band member.
Homus	No	Instruments	Other musical	A version of Jew's Harp from Asia.
Instruments	No	Instruments	Other musical	A general credit for the playing of musical instruments
Jew's Harp	No	Instruments	Other musical	Also jaw harp, jaws harp, Jew's trump, guimbarde, juice harp, or mouth harp - A flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. The tongue/reed is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note. The frame is held against the performer's teeth or lips, using the jaw (thus "jaw harp") and mouth as a resonator, greatly increasing the volume of the instrument. The note thus produced is constant in pitch, though by changing the shape of his or her mouth and the amount of air contained in it the performer can cause different overtones to sound and thus create melodies.
Mbira	No	Instruments	Other Musical	(also Likembe, Sanza, Zanza, Mbila, Thumb Piano, Mbira Huru, Mbira Njari, Mbira Nyunga Nyunga, Karimba or Kalimba) A wooden board or box to which staggered metal or wooden keys have been attached.
Morchang	No	Instruments	Other musical	A brass horseshoe shaped ring with a metal tongue that is made to vibrate with the hands and teeth to mimic speech. (like a mouth harp)
Musician	No	Instruments	Other Musical
Objects	No	Instruments	Other musical
Orchestra	No	Instruments	Other musical
Performer	No	Instruments	Other musical	A generic musical role, use brackets to add specifics
Rhythm Section	No	Instruments	Other Musical
Samples	No	Instruments	Other musical
Saw	No	Instruments	Other musical
Siren	No	Instruments	Other musical	Sirens are used as musical instruments, such as in Edgard Varèse's Hyperprism (1924), Ionisation (1931), recorded, in his Poeme Electronique (1958), George Antheil's "Ballet Mécanique" (1926), The Klaxon: March of the Automobiles (1929 by Henry Fillmore, The Chemical Brothers's Song to the Siren and, (in a CBS News 60 Minutes segment) by experimental percussionist Evelyn Glennie.
Soloist	No	Instruments	Other musical	This is a musical role, rather than the more common instrument credit used for musicians on Discogs. It denotes that the musician has taken a solo on the track - where one performer is playing either completely alone, or with accompaniment from the others. Common examples are jazz improvisation, featured musicians in classical music, and lead guitar in rock. Please also include the instrument they are playing, as a separate credit, if noted on the release, for example "Soloist, Guitar - Jimi Hendrix"
Sounds	No	Instruments	Other musical	General credit sometimes used in a non-specific way on releases, for example Additional Sounds, All sounds by, Sound sources etc
Taonga pūoro	No	Instruments	Other Musical	The collective name for the Māori traditional musical instruments. These include kōauau and pūtōrino (flutes), hue (blown gourds), pūtātara (a trumpet made from a shell), pūkāea (a long wooden trumpet), tumutumu (pieces of stone, wood or bone that are tapped with strikers), poi (balls of dried flax on string that are swung and tapped), and porotiti and pūrerehua (discs on a cord which are spun).
Tifa Totobuang	No	Instruments	Other musical	A music ensemble from the Maluku Islands consisting of totobuang (gong chimes) and a set of tifa drums.
Toy	No	Instruments	Other musical	Generic role for the use of toy instruments.
Trautonium	No	Instruments	Other musical	A monophonic electronic musical instrument
Wind Chimes	No	Instruments	Other musical
Wobble Board	No	Instruments	Other musical	An instrument popularized by the Australian musician and artist Rolf Harris. Wobble boards are not commercially made, and most are made by the player. Almost any large, rigid but flexible sheet of material can be used as an impromptu wobble board, although some materials are markedly better than others.