Dutch recording, mastering and lacquer cutting studios. Established 1959, operating until 1987.
Also known under the names: Bovema Studio, Intertone Studios, Bovema-Negram Studios and EMI Studios, Heemstede.
Please use this studio name when derived from the vinyl runouts only.

The information in the vinyl runouts was initially manually written (etched) into the runout groove of the lacquer record by the cutting engineer with a steel pen. From around approx. 1978 they used a letter die or stamping machine (stamped), and the use of the engineer letters was dropped.

Identifying vinyl lacquer cuts:

Between 1961 and 1967:
//Hm-nnnnn-x-y, right after the cat#, e.g. HM003285-1, where
- H stands for Holland,
- m stands for the letter identifying the cutting engineer:
"A" the record was cut by André Hooning (please use ANV A)
"H" the record was cut by Gerard Hali (please use ANV H)
"L" the record was cut by L (5) (as yet unidentified) (between 1961 and 1968)
"M" the record was cut by M (58) (as yet unidentified) (between 1961 and 1968)
"P" the record was cut by Pierre Geoffroy Chateau (please use ANV P)
"S" the record was cut by S (80) (as yet unidentified)
"V" the record was cut by André De Vries (please use ANV V)
- nnnnn stands for the sequential lacquer number (6 digits), with 4 leading 0000's starting in 1962, transition to 3 leading 000's in Mid 1962, transition to 2 leading 00's in Dec. 1962, leading zeros were generally dropped early 1967, maybe even already Dec. 1966 when you include a gap between cutting, pressing and release itself, which happened in between 007612 and 7621). Please also add the leading zeros to the LCCN #'s.
- x stands for the lacquer cut,
- y stands for an additional number (usually 1 or 2).
Notes: "//" may be replaced by "/" or "\" or are missing altogether.

Between 1967 and 1970:
//nnnnn-x-y, right after the cat#, e.g. //9735-1-1 or //11.803-1, where
- nnnnn stands for the sequential lacquer number (4 digits until mid 1968, and 5 digits since mid 1968, usually with a dot between digits 2 and 3),
- x stands for the lacquer cut.
- y stands for an additional number (usually 1 or 2).

Between 1971 and 1978:
//Hm-nnnnn-x-y-z a b c, right after the cat#, e.g. //HM 17977-1-Y-8, where
- H stands for Holland,
- m stands for the letter identifying the cutting engineer (alphabetically):
"A" the record was cut by André Hooning (please use ANV A)
"D" the record was cut by Jacques Delemarre (please use ANV D) (since 1971)
"E" the record was cut by Eric Vacher (please use ANV E) (only for a very short period of time)
"H" the record was cut by Gerard Hali (please use ANV H)
"L" the record was cut by André Leenders (please use ANV L) (since 1975)
"M" the record was cut by Henk Horden (please use alias M (111) not ANV M, based upon girlfriend Marianne) (since 1971)
"N" the record was cut by Hans Nouse (please use ANV N)
"P" the record was cut by Pierre Geoffroy Chateau (please use ANV P)
"R" the record was but by (most probably, but yet not confirmed) Rinus Hooning
"V" the record was cut by André De Vries (please use ANV V)
- nnnnn stands for the sequential lacquer number (5 digits),
- x stands for the lacquer cut (usually 1 or 2),
- y stands for X = recorded in Bovema Studio / Y = recorded somewhere else (Netherlands or other country) / Z = delivered for contract pressing,
- z stands for another figure (e.g. 8 or 9), but was dropped around 1974.
- a b c stands for 3 often used different stamper-numbers at resp. 3, 12, 9 'clock. They may be rotated and/or mirrored.
Notes: "//" may be replaced by "/" or "--" or are missing altogether. "\\" also was used as identifier between 1976 until at least 1983.

Rinus Hooning was also engineer who signed with a separate "RH" of "RINUS", rather than following the pattern, please add Lacquer cut by Rinus Hooning ANV RH or Rinus
Jacques Delemarre occasionally too signed with a separate "JAC" or "Jac", please add Lacquer cut by Jacques Delemarre ANV Jac, when in combination with HD on either side, only use ANV D
André Leenders usually too signed with a separate scripted, curly "A" with large bow, please add Lacquer but by André Leenders ANV A, when in combination with HL on either side, only use ANV L. You can add to the Notes: "The A in the matrix is an etched, scripted, curly A, signature of lacquer cutter André Leenders."
Henk Horden occasionnally too signed with a separate scripted "Henk" or scripted "H", when in combination with HM please not only credit to alias M (111) but also add Lacquer cut by Henk Horden ANV Henk or H
Hans Nouse usually too signed with a separate, combined "HN", rather than following the pattern, please add Lacquer but by Hans Nouse ANV HN

Misinterpretations:
- LCCN #'s can be misinterpreted as letters, but must always read as #####
- Z, X, Y can be misinterpreted as digit 1 or 4
- Rotated and/or mirrored stamper numbers can be misinterpreted as letters, e.g. 2 as C1 or CJ, 8 as CJ, 05 as C5, etc.
- // can be misinterpreted as 11, ii, ll, ||, etc.
- Hx e.g. HL can be misinterpreted as Hh, IML, NK, HK, ML, etc.
- The scripted A of André Leenders can be misinterpreted as CR, CP, CD, CT, Cr., Cp., Cd., Ct., cR, cP, cD, cT, CJ, JP, cႿ, [c̷ꝓ], AL, stylized R, scribble, etc. Please do not use 𝒜.
- The scripted H of Henk Horden can be misinterpreted as Je. Please do not use ℋ or ℋenk
- The combined HN of Hans Nouse can be misinterpreted as I-N or a sideways TZ
- HL was previously also wrongfully credited to Klaas Leyen, but he was a producer, no lacquer cutter

Between 1978 and 1983:
//nnnnn-x-y, usually stamped in the matrix, right after the cat# e.g. // 39101-1-Y, where
nnnnn stands for the sequential lacquer number (5 digits)
x stands for the cut number,
y stands for X = recorded in Bovema Studio / Y = recorded somewhere else (Netherlands or other country) / Z = delivered for contract pressing.
Notes: "//" may be replaced by "\\" or "/" or "--" or are missing altogether.

Between 1983 and 1987:
//nnnnn-x, usually stamped in the matrix, right after the cat# e.g. RHR 3403-A//56405-1, where
nnnnn stands for the lacquer number (5 digits)
x stands for the cut number,
Notes: "//" may be replaced by "/" or "--" or are missing altogether.

In general:
The numbers identify the lacquers and were assigned by the studio consecutively (e.g. 39101 and 39102) and can therefore be added as company numbers (without the slashes and number after the dash), e.g. 56405 and 56406, with Lacquer Cut At. The LCCN# on side A is usually odd, on side B it's usually even. Occasionnaly the numbers can be equal at both sides.

There are still a few yet unidentified etchings that can occur as well: HER, C→ [C arrow], Ƃ, 7Ƃ or ꟻƃ, SSSS or 𝓈𝓈𝓈𝓈 and CR (not being André Leenders signature).

Many records for Scandinavia were also cut by the studios and carry similar runouts.
Incidentally, from about 1973/74 they also cut lacquers for contract pressing company Cruquius.
This is where Arizona, CNR, Inelco and others had their records made. These also carry similar runouts.

Transition to 100## was in mid-1968.
Transition to 200## was in mid-1973.
Transition to 300## was late 1976.
Transition to 400## was in the autumn of 1979.
Transition to 500## was in mid-1982.
Transition to 600## was in mid-1986.

1970: starting approx. @ 13.000
1971: starting approx. @ 14.700
1972: starting approx. @ 16.800
1973: starting approx. @ 18.800
1974: starting approx. @ 21.500
1975: starting approx. @ 24.300
1976: starting approx. @ 27.300
1977: starting approx. @ 30.600
1978: starting approx. @ 34.500
1979: starting approx. @ 38.500
1980: starting approx. @ 42.600
1981: starting approx. @ 46.600

Note: Dots are there for readability.
Keep in mind that release dates can be later than the lacquer #####'s.