Capitol Records Pressing Plant, Scranton

Capitol Records Pressing Plant, Scranton

Profile:
Pressing plant for Capitol Records, Inc.located in Scranton, Pennsylvania. In operation from 1946 to 1973.
In 1969 Capitol started transferring operations from Scranton to their newly built Capitol Records Pressing Plant, Winchester plant. but pressing continued until 1973 when it shut down.
In November 1973,the plant began operating under new ownership as North American Music Industries.

Identifying vinyl records pressed by Scranton:
A 1 1/2" inch diameter press ring on labels. (Not a unique feature since the other Capitol plants also use this configuration).

Pressings up to 1963 have an anvil / lathe shaped " ⌂ " symbol stamped in the runouts.
Pressings from 1963 to 1973 have a triangle with letters I over AM inside stamped in the runouts.
The "IAM" stood for the International Association of Machinists' union whose members worked at the Scranton plant.

Pressings from 1973 or later when the plant was operated by North American Music Industries' returned to the anvil / lathe stamp in the runouts.

A keeper of the Capitol Scranton Plant Facebook Page (site below) identifies the "anvil" as the U.S. Capitol dome, tying in with the Capitol Records logo.

Additionally, some Scranton pressings may also include a stamped Ampersand (&) in the runouts, indicating
stampers originating from stereo cut lacquers..

See images on this profile page for examples of the anvil and IAM symbols, as well as the Ampersand.
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Label

Releases

Status Catalog Number  Image Artist Title ( Format) Label Catalog Number  Country Year Actions
001 Esta Leigh - Nobody Wants You When You Don't Have Something / Ho Ho Ho Ho Esta Leigh Nobody Wants You When You Don't Have Something / Ho Ho Ho Ho(7") H & G Records (2) 001 US Unknown Sell This Version
1 A 028-80062 Lou Rawls - The Best Of Lou Rawls The Best Of(LP, Comp, RE) Capitol Records 1 A 028-80062 Netherlands Unknown Sell This Version
2 Nancy Walker - I Can Cook Too Nancy Walker I Can Cook Too(LP, Album, Mono) Dolphin Records (7) 2 US 1956 Sell This Version
#2 Various - Son Of Jest Like Old Times (More Genuine Original Recordings Of Radio's Most Famous Funny Men) Various Son Of Jest Like Old Times (More Genuine Original Recordings Of Radio's Most Famous Funny Men)(LP, Comp, Ltd, Num) Radiola #2 US 1970 Sell This Version
2LP-4 Ray Anthony - Plays For Dream Dancing = ドリーム・ダンシング Ray Anthony Plays For Dream Dancing = ドリーム・ダンシング(LP, Album, Mono) Capitol Records 2LP-4 Japan 1957 Sell This Version
2LP-107 Keely Smith - Swingin' Pretty Keely Smith Swingin' Pretty(LP, Album, Mono, Red) Capitol Records 2LP-107 Japan 1959 Sell This Version
2LP 201 Nat 'King' Cole And His Trio* = ナット Nat 'King' Cole And His Trio* = ナット "キング" コールと彼のトリオ* Nat 'King' Cole And His Trio* = ナット "キング" コールと彼のトリオ* - After Midnight = アフター・ミッドナイト(LP, Album, Red) Capitol Records, Capitol Records 2LP 201 Japan Unknown Sell This Version
2LP-3017 Frank Sinatra - Swing Easy! And Songs For Young Lovers Frank Sinatra Swing Easy! And Songs For Young Lovers(LP, Comp) Capitol Records 2LP-3017 Japan Unknown Sell This Version
2YEA-3692 Olivier Messiaen, Michel Béroff, Erich Gruenberg, Gervase de Peyer, William Pleeth - Quatuor Pour La Fin Du Temps Olivier Messiaen, Michel Béroff, Erich Gruenberg, Gervase de Peyer, William Pleeth Olivier Messiaen, Michel Béroff, Erich Gruenberg, Gervase de Peyer, William Pleeth - Quatuor Pour La Fin Du Temps (LP, RE) Angel Records 2YEA-3692 Japan 1969 Sell This Version
#3 Various - Leinengen Vs. The Ants / Sorry, Wrong Number Various Leinengen Vs. The Ants / Sorry, Wrong Number(LP, Ltd, Num) Radiola #3 US 1970 Sell This Version
3 Port Of Harlem Jazz Men* - Mighty Blues / Rocking The Blues Port Of Harlem Jazz Men* Mighty Blues / Rocking The Blues(Shellac, 12", RE, 767) Blue Note 3 US 1949 Sell This Version
3 John Hammond* - I Wish You Would / I Can Tell John Hammond* I Wish You Would / I Can Tell(7") Itzy 3 US 1966 Sell This Version
4XFF 500717 The Steve Miller Band* Living in the U.S.A.(Cass, Album) Capitol Records 4XFF 500717 US 1968 Sell This Version
4XT-202 The Lettermen - I Have Dreamed The Lettermen I Have Dreamed(Cass) Capitol Records 4XT-202 US 1969 Sell This Version
4XT 2309 The Beatles - The Early Beatles The Beatles The Early Beatles(Cass, Album, Comp) Capitol Records 4XT 2309 US 1969 Sell This Version
4XT-2982 David Axelrod - Song Of Innocence David Axelrod Song Of Innocence(Cass, Album) Capitol Records 4XT-2982 US 1968 Sell This Version
5C052.80.230 Gene Vincent - Rock And Roll Classics Vol.1 Gene Vincent Rock And Roll Classics Vol.1(LP, Comp, RE) Capitol Records, Capitol Records, Capitol Records 5C052.80.230 Netherlands 1970 Sell This Version
6F-1221 Miles Davis And His Orchestra - Venus De Milo / Darn That Dream Miles Davis And His Orchestra Venus De Milo / Darn That Dream(7", Single) Capitol Records 6F-1221 US 1950 Sell This Version
6F-1223 Eddie Miller And His Orchestra - The Hour Of Parting Eddie Miller And His Orchestra The Hour Of Parting(7", Single, Scr) Capitol Records 6F-1223 US Unknown Sell This Version
6F-1227 The Capitol Jazzmen - I'm Sorry I Made You Cry / Casanova's Lament The Capitol Jazzmen I'm Sorry I Made You Cry / Casanova's Lament(7") Capitol Records 6F-1227 US Unknown Sell This Version
6F-1231 Benny Carter And His Orchestra - I Surrender Dear / Malibu Benny Carter And His Orchestra I Surrender Dear / Malibu(7", Single) Capitol Records 6F-1231 US Unknown Sell This Version
6F-65001 The Frank Rosolino Sextet - That Old Black Magic The Frank Rosolino Sextet That Old Black Magic(7", Single) Capitol Records 6F-65001 US 1954 Sell This Version
6F-65002 The Boots Mussulli Quartet - Diga Diga Doo The Boots Mussulli Quartet Diga Diga Doo(7", Single) Capitol Records 6F-65002 US 1954 Sell This Version
6F-80133 Erna Sack - The Bird In The Wood / La Foletta Erna Sack The Bird In The Wood / La Foletta(7") Capitol Records 6F-80133 US Unknown Sell This Version
7 Port Of Harlem Seven, J.C. Higginbotham Quintet - Blues For Tommy / Basin Street Blues Port Of Harlem Seven, J.C. Higginbotham Quintet Port Of Harlem Seven, J.C. Higginbotham Quintet - Blues For Tommy / Basin Street Blues 7 US 1949 Sell This Version
8M 1071 Tennessee Ernie Ford - The Star Carol Tennessee Ernie Ford The Star Carol(8-Trk) Capitol Records 8M 1071 US Unknown Sell This Version
8XFF 500/502 The Beach Boys - Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) The Beach Boys Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)(8-Trk) Capitol Records 8XFF 500/502 US Unknown Sell This Version
8XT-442 The Beach Boys - Good Vibrations The Beach Boys Good Vibrations(8-Trk, Comp) Capitol Records 8XT-442 US 1970 Sell This Version
8XT-1676 Frank Sinatra Point Of No Return(8-Trk, Album) Capitol Records 8XT-1676 US Unknown Sell This Version
8XT 2309 The Beatles - The Early Beatles The Beatles The Early Beatles(8-Trk, Album, Comp) Capitol Records 8XT 2309 US 1968 Sell This Version
8XT 2842 Bobbie Gentry - The Delta Sweete Bobbie Gentry The Delta Sweete(8-Trk, Album) Capitol Records 8XT 2842 US 1968 Sell This Version
8XT 4200 The Fame Gang - Solid Gold From Muscle Shoals The Fame Gang Solid Gold From Muscle Shoals(8-Trk, Album) Fame (3) 8XT 4200 US 1969 Sell This Version
8XT-11111 Various - Best Of Bakersfield Various Best Of Bakersfield(8-Trk, Comp) Capitol Records 8XT-11111 US 1972 Sell This Version
10 Pete Johnson Blues Trio - Barrelhouse Breakdown / Kansas City Farewell Pete Johnson Blues Trio Barrelhouse Breakdown / Kansas City Farewell(Shellac, 12", RE, Scr) Blue Note 10 US 1946 Sell This Version
12 Pete Johnson - Holler Stomp / You Don't Know My Mind Pete Johnson Holler Stomp / You Don't Know My Mind(Shellac, 12", RE, Scr) Blue Note 12 US 1949 Sell This Version
12 CVS 502 Harry Wach - Californian Here I Come Harry Wach Californian Here I Come(LP, Album) Cardinal Records (4) 12 CVS 502 US Unknown Sell This Version
13 Sidney Bechet's Blue Note Quartet - Lonesome Blues / Dear Old Southland Sidney Bechet's Blue Note Quartet Lonesome Blues / Dear Old Southland(Shellac, 12", RE) Blue Note 13 US 1949 Sell This Version
17 Edmond Hall Celeste Quartet - Celestial Express / Profoundly Blue Edmond Hall Celeste Quartet Celestial Express / Profoundly Blue(Shellac, 12", RE) Blue Note 17 US 1949 Sell This Version
19 Meade Meade "Lux" Lewis Variations On A Theme(Shellac, 12", RE, Scr) Blue Note 19 US 1949 Sell This Version
20 Meade Meade "Lux" Lewis Variations On A Theme(Shellac, 12", RE, Scr) Blue Note 20 US 1949 Sell This Version
#22 Shorty Long (3) Featuring Lou Long - Out Behind The Barn Shorty Long (3) Featuring Lou Long Shorty Long (3) Featuring Lou Long - Out Behind The Barn(7") L&S Records (2), L&S Records (2) #22 US 1964 Sell This Version
23 The Spirits Of Rhythm - She Ain't No Saint / Scattin' The Blues The Spirits Of Rhythm She Ain't No Saint / Scattin' The Blues(Shellac, 10") Black & White 23 US 1945 Sell This Version
26 Cliff Jackson - Lime House Blues / Royal Garden Blues Cliff Jackson Lime House Blues / Royal Garden Blues(Shellac, 10") Black & White 26 US 1946 Sell This Version
27 George Wettling Jazz Trio - China Boy / That's A Plenty George Wettling Jazz Trio China Boy / That's A Plenty(Shellac, 10") Black & White 27 US 1946 Sell This Version
29 Rod Cless Quartet - Froggy Moore / Have You Ever Felt That Way Rod Cless Quartet Froggy Moore / Have You Ever Felt That Way(Shellac, 10") Black & White 29 US 1946 Sell This Version
30 Rod Cless Quartet - I Know That You Know / Make Me A Pallet On The Floor Rod Cless Quartet I Know That You Know / Make Me A Pallet On The Floor(Shellac, 10") Black & White 30 US 1946 Sell This Version
32 Hank Duncan Trio - Changes, Always On My Mind / Upbeat Hank Duncan Trio Changes, Always On My Mind / Upbeat(Shellac, 10") Black & White 32 US Unknown Sell This Version
33X509 Leon Berry - Beast In The Basement + Leon Berry Leon Berry Beast In The Basement + Leon Berry(LP, Album) Replica Records (3) 33X509 US 1955 Sell This Version
33x2501 Leon Berry - Glockenspiels Traps And Plenty Of Pipes Leon Berry Glockenspiels Traps And Plenty Of Pipes(LP, Album) Replica Records (3) 33x2501 US 1956 Sell This Version
35 Art Hodes' Blue Note Jazz Men* - Squeeze Me / Bugle Call Rag Art Hodes' Blue Note Jazz Men* Squeeze Me / Bugle Call Rag(Shellac, 12", RP, Scr) Blue Note 35 US 1949 Sell This Version
36 Edmond Hall's Swingtet - Big City Blues / Steamin' And Beamin' Edmond Hall's Swingtet Big City Blues / Steamin' And Beamin'(Shellac, 12", RE) Blue Note 36 US 1949 Sell This Version
42 Ike Quebec's Swingtet* - Mad About You / Facin' The Face Ike Quebec's Swingtet* Mad About You / Facin' The Face(Shellac, 12", RE, Scr) Blue Note 42 US 1949 Sell This Version
45-AR-147 The Casuals (22) - Toodle-oo Bamboo The Casuals (22) Toodle-oo Bamboo(7") Arcade Record 45-AR-147 US 1958 Sell This Version
45-CL 14719 Nelson Riddle And His Orchestra - Holiday In Naples / Accordion Willy Nelson Riddle And His Orchestra Holiday In Naples / Accordion Willy(7", Single) Capitol Records 45-CL 14719 UK 1957 Sell This Version
45-FC.339 Duke Mitchell - It's Too Soon To Know / Be Mine Tonight Duke Mitchell It's Too Soon To Know / Be Mine Tonight(7", Single) London Records 45-FC.339 Canada 1956 Sell This Version
45-JCL 300 Nancy Wilson - Uptight (Everything's Alright) / You've Got Your Troubles Nancy Wilson Uptight (Everything's Alright) / You've Got Your Troubles(7", Single) Capitol Records 45-JCL 300 South Africa 1966 Sell This Version
45-P-0001 Danni Capri* - You're So Simpatico Danni Capri* You're So Simpatico(7") Pic (4), Pic (4) 45-P-0001 US 1954 Sell This Version
45-P-0003 Pat Terry (2) - A Smile For Suzetta / From This Day On Pat Terry (2) A Smile For Suzetta / From This Day On(7", Single, Mono) Pic Records (2) 45-P-0003 US Unknown Sell This Version
45-P-0022 The Lee Brothers (2) - Sh' Says I Don't Know (No No No) The Lee Brothers (2) Sh' Says I Don't Know (No No No) 45-P-0022 US 1954 Sell This Version
45-V-104 The Skyliners - Comes Love / Tell Me The Skyliners Comes Love / Tell Me(7", Single) Viscount Records 45-V-104 US 1962 Sell This Version
46 Benny Morton's All Stars Featuring Webster* & Bigard* - The Sheik Of Araby / Conversing In Blue Benny Morton's All Stars Featuring Webster* & Bigard* Benny Morton's All Stars Featuring Webster* & Bigard* - The Sheik Of Araby / Conversing In Blue(Shellac, 12", RE, Scr) Blue Note 46 US 1949 Sell This Version
48 "Pigmeat" Alamo Markham* With Oliver "Rev." Mesheux's Blue Six "Pigmeat" Alamo Markham* With Oliver "Rev." Mesheux's Blue Six - How Long-How Long Blues / Blues Before Sunrise(Shellac, 12", RP, 767) Blue Note 48 US 1949 Sell This Version
52 Glen Campbell - Elusive Butterfly Glen Campbell Elusive Butterfly(7") Capitol Records 52 US 1969 Sell This Version
54 Glen Campbell - Homeward Bound / (Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay / Mary In The Morning Glen Campbell Homeward Bound / (Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay / Mary In The Morning (Single) 54 US 1969 Sell This Version
100 Paul Chaplain And His Emeralds - Shortnin' Bread Paul Chaplain And His Emeralds Shortnin' Bread(7", Single) Harper Records 100 US 1960 Sell This Version
101 The Stereo's Combo* - Stereo Freeze Part I  / Stereo Freeze Part II  The Stereo's Combo* Stereo Freeze Part I / Stereo Freeze Part II (7") Hyde Records 101 US Unknown Sell This Version
101 Joe Frazier - Answer Me Joe Frazier Answer Me(7", Single, Scr) Knockout (3) 101 US Unknown Sell This Version
101 Junie Lou And Her Pine Hedge Ranch Hands* - Ballad Of Lookout Mountain / Oh, So Many Years Junie Lou And Her Pine Hedge Ranch Hands* Ballad Of Lookout Mountain / Oh, So Many Years(7") Process Record Co. 101 US 1962 Sell This Version
101 J. B. & The V-Kings - Lazy Soul J. B. & The V-Kings Lazy Soul(7") Zap - Zing! 101 US 1969 Sell This Version
101 Fay Simmons - Come On Let's Stroll / Ella Weaver Fay Simmons Come On Let's Stroll / Ella Weaver(7") Sharp (5) 101 US 1959 Sell This Version
102 Freddie Slack And His Orchestra - Here You Are / Cow-Cow Boogie Freddie Slack And His Orchestra Here You Are / Cow-Cow Boogie(Shellac, 10", RP) Capitol Records 102 US 1945 Sell This Version
0102 Jimmy Kay - Trouble In The Mountains / Waltz Of My Fate Jimmy Kay Trouble In The Mountains / Waltz Of My Fate(7") Stardale, Stardale 0102 US 1957 Sell This Version
103 Frank Anthony* - Every Now And Then / Hey Girl (I Wanna Meet You) Frank Anthony* Every Now And Then / Hey Girl (I Wanna Meet You)(7", Mono, Scr) Pink Dolphin Records, Pink Dolphin Records 103 US 1969 Sell This Version
104 Little Linda (3) With The Hi-Tones (12), Bill Bennett And His Orchestra - Alas, Said Aladdin Little Linda (3) With The Hi-Tones (12), Bill Bennett And His Orchestra Little Linda (3) With The Hi-Tones (12), Bill Bennett And His Orchestra - Alas, Said Aladdin(7") Haven (7) 104 US 1955 Sell This Version
105 The Jesters (16) - Come On Back Baby / Do The Twirl The Jesters (16) Come On Back Baby / Do The Twirl(7") Al-Stan 105 US Unknown Sell This Version
107 Bobby Sherwood And His Orchestra - I Don't Know Why / The Elks' Parade Bobby Sherwood And His Orchestra I Don't Know Why / The Elks' Parade 107 US Unknown Sell This Version
111 Pat Tolland And The Kingsmen (10) - Low Cut Sneakers And Bermuda Shorts / After Closing Day Pat Tolland And The Kingsmen (10) Pat Tolland And The Kingsmen (10) - Low Cut Sneakers And Bermuda Shorts / After Closing Day(7") Al-Stan 111 US 1962 Sell This Version
116 The Arrows* - Apache '65 / Blue Guitar The Arrows* Apache '65 / Blue Guitar(7", Scr) Tower 116 US 1965 Sell This Version
120 Jeanette B. Washington* - Medicine Man Jeanette B. Washington* Medicine Man(7", Single) Neptune Records (4) 120 US 1960 Sell This Version
122 Gus Jenkins - Frosty Gus Jenkins Frosty(7", Single, Scr) Tower 122 US 1965 Sell This Version
124 Dick Curless - A Tombstone Every Mile / Heart Talk Dick Curless A Tombstone Every Mile / Heart Talk(7", Single, Scr) Tower 124 US 1965 Sell This Version
125 Freddie And The Dreamers* - I'm Telling You Now Freddie And The Dreamers* I'm Telling You Now(7", Single, Scr) Tower 125 US 1965 Sell This Version
127 Freddie And The Dreamers* / Beat Merchants* - You Were Made For Me / So Fine Freddie And The Dreamers* / Beat Merchants* Freddie And The Dreamers* / Beat Merchants* - You Were Made For Me / So Fine(7", Single, Scr) Tower 127 US 1965 Sell This Version
130 Johnnie Johnston - That Old Black Magic / Can't You Hear Me Calling You, Caroline Johnnie Johnston That Old Black Magic / Can't You Hear Me Calling You, Caroline(Shellac, 10") Capitol Records 130 US 1943 Sell This Version
133 The Arrows Featuring Davie Allan* - Moon Dawg '65 / Dance The Freddie The Arrows Featuring Davie Allan* Moon Dawg '65 / Dance The Freddie(7", Single, Scr) Tower 133 US 1965 Sell This Version
134 Ian Whitcomb And Bluesville - You Turn Me On (Turn On Song) Ian Whitcomb And Bluesville Ian Whitcomb And Bluesville - You Turn Me On (Turn On Song)(7", Single, Scr) Tower 134 US 1965 Sell This Version
141 Johnny Mercer With Paul Weston And His Orchestra - G. I. Jive / (I'm Going To Sit Right Down And) Write Myself A Letter Johnny Mercer With Paul Weston And His Orchestra Johnny Mercer With Paul Weston And His Orchestra - G. I. Jive / (I'm Going To Sit Right Down And) Write Myself A Letter(Shellac, 10", RP) Capitol Records 141 US Unknown Sell This Version
150 Joe Leahy - Life / Pink Powder Puff Joe Leahy Life / Pink Powder Puff(7", Single, Scr) Tower 150 US 1965 Sell This Version
151 The Keith Richards Orchestra With Doodlebug & The Hampsters - There's A Hole In My Christmas Stocking The Keith Richards Orchestra With Doodlebug & The Hampsters The Keith Richards Orchestra With Doodlebug & The Hampsters - There's A Hole In My Christmas Stocking(7", Single) Tiger (13) 151 US 1965 Sell This Version
154 The King Cole Trio* - Straighten Up And Fly Right / I Can't See For Lookin' The King Cole Trio* Straighten Up And Fly Right / I Can't See For Lookin' 154 US 1944 Sell This Version
155 Betty Hutton With Paul Weston And His Orchestra - It Had To Be You / His Rocking Horse Ran Away Betty Hutton With Paul Weston And His Orchestra Betty Hutton With Paul Weston And His Orchestra - It Had To Be You / His Rocking Horse Ran Away(Shellac, 10", Scr) Capitol Records 155 US 1944 Sell This Version
155 Ian Whitcomb - N-E-R-V-O-U-S! Ian Whitcomb N-E-R-V-O-U-S!(7") Tower 155 US 1965 Sell This Version
157 Martha Tilton - Texas Polka / I'll Walk Alone Martha Tilton Texas Polka / I'll Walk Alone(Shellac, 10") Capitol Records 157 US 1944 Sell This Version
159 Stan Kenton And His Orchestra - Eager Beaver / Artistry In Rhythm (Production In Theme) Stan Kenton And His Orchestra Eager Beaver / Artistry In Rhythm (Production In Theme)(Shellac, 10", RP) Capitol Records 159 US Unknown Sell This Version
159 Stan Kenton And His Orchestra - Eager Beaver / Artistry In Rhythm (Production In Theme) Stan Kenton And His Orchestra Eager Beaver / Artistry In Rhythm (Production In Theme)(Shellac, 10", RP) Capitol Records 159 US Unknown Sell This Version
161 Bobby Sherwood And His Orchestra - Swingin' At The Semloh / Arkansas Bobby Sherwood And His Orchestra Swingin' At The Semloh / Arkansas(Shellac, 10") Capitol Records 161 US 1944 Sell This Version
165 Benny Carter And His Orchestra - I'm Lost / Just A Baby's Prayer At Twilight Benny Carter And His Orchestra I'm Lost / Just A Baby's Prayer At Twilight(Shellac, 10") Capitol Records 165 US 1944 Sell This Version
169 The King Cole Trio* - Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good To You / I Realize Now The King Cole Trio* Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good To You / I Realize Now 169 US 1946 Sell This Version
174 Tex Ritter And His Texans* - There's A New Moon Over My Shoulder / I'm Wasting My Tears On You Tex Ritter And His Texans* There's A New Moon Over My Shoulder / I'm Wasting My Tears On You(Shellac, 10") Capitol Records 174 US 1944 Sell This Version
0175 Cliff Waldon and The Country Cut-Ups - Indian Mama Cliff Waldon and The Country Cut-Ups Cliff Waldon and The Country Cut-Ups - Indian Mama(7", Single) Stardale, Stardale 0175 US 1956 Sell This Version

Add Review

16boweb

16boweb

July 4, 2021
Apparently the Scranton plant (AKA the converted Scranton Button Company factory) also pressed Royale & Varsity releases. https://www.nypl.org/blog/2018/05/25/rare-photos-varsity-records-manufacturing
jgie1234

jgie1234

October 5, 2018
edited over 4 years ago
I heard once that the IAM stamp in the runouts of many 1960's capitol pressings stood for
International Automated Media. Until now, that's what I always thought.
It is true that they were very good heavy, quiet pressings.
forthale

forthale

November 2, 2015
The "anvil" shape is actually a stylized Capitol building, usually stamped upside down.